I need a detailed analysis of the poem - "When I bring to you coloured toys" by Rabindranath Tagore.

The poem is a lucid expression of love from one to another.  Many read this and feel it is a parent to a child.  The idea of a parent's love and child's reception of such love is an authentic and pure experience that is captured at each point in the poem.  The first stanza links the love and joy experienced by the child with the many pallets of color in nature, and how the divergent natural experience is linked to the multi- dimensional experience of love felt by a child.  This idea is conntected in the second stanza, as the physical experience of dance is connected to the natural element of wind in the trees as well as breezes felt.  It helps to convey the idea how natural and elemental a love from parent to child is within the world.  The last two stanzas do the same element, linking subjective experience to objective reality.  For the speaker, the sensation of love shared between child and parent is one that radiates and reverberates within and throughout the natural world.

Compare the magic in Ray's world to the magic in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Do they both have the same rules, and are they...

The primary difference in the use of magic in both Shoeless Joe and Harry Potter is the difference in genres.  Harry Potter uses magic in a fantasy manner.  Its use of magic is created in a separate reality, one that is evidently not part of this world.  Hogwarts Academy, for example, is not meant to be a component of current existence.  Harry's use of magic is not understood amongst "regular people," and this is why the use of magic is in an alternate or separate state of being.  Again, it should be noted that in this setting, Harry is in control of magic, and he is the agent that can utilize it and understand it in his quest to battle the evil forces such as Voldemort.

In Shoeless Joe, the magic that is displayed is part of a magical realism.  This magic happens in reality, Ray's reality.  It is a world that is not separate, but actually a part of the reality that confronts everyone.  Ray has bills that need to be paid, in laws he doesn't particular enjoy, and has tried other jobs and failed at them.  Ray is not endowed with any special powers and does not really control the magic that is present.  It takes him by surprise, as he seeks to understand "the voices" and their cryptic messages such as "If you build it, he will come" or "Ease his pain."  Ray is not the agent of the voices, nor does he understand what is meant by them.  He is not a sorcerer who can "create" magic, as it rather simply happens as part of his reality.  There is little to suggest in the novel that he knew Shoeless Joe and the Banished White Sox players would arrive upon building his field.  There is little that purely indicates to him that Salinger is to be brought to this field, and even less to indicate that Ray's reestablishment of bonds with father and brother will be the result of his quest.  Ray's "magic" is more of a consequence of his actions, and not of direct intent.  In this setting, magic is part of the world around him.  Whereas in Harry Potter, the magic used is that of wizardry, in Shoeless Joe, the magic is within the reality of the character and is more reflective of his emotional development.

Compare and contrast the poetic elements of Paul Laurence Dunbar's "We Wear the Mask" and Langston Hughes's "Harlem."

One primary level of similarity between both Hughes' poem and Dunbar's poem is that they speak for those who have no voice.  This becomes a critical element in understanding their point of view.  Through their poems, Dunbar and Hughes are suggesting that the voices of those who are silenced are narratives that must be shared, understood, valued, and appreciated in order for the democratic experiment called "America" to live up to its promises and possibilities.  A primary level of divergence between both would be the implications of each poem.  Dunbar's poem shows a level of struggle that is almost accepted within the African- American experience.  It does not glorify it, but rather accepts it as an indispensable part of being a person of color in America.  The consequence of this is struggle and unfairness is understood as part of this condition.  In Hughes' poem and through the posing of questions, the implication is that should this unfairness and denial of voice persist, the results could be quite catastrophic regarding American society.  The closing lines of each poem highlights the notion of suffering in silence giving way to active defiance.  In Dunbar's work, the concluding thought of "But let the world dream otherwise/ We wear the mask" is less actively defiant than Hughes powerfully poignant question, "Or does it explode?"

What does The Epic of Gilgamesh reveal to us about Mesopotamian culture/religion?

We can learn much about Mesopotamian culture from this epic. First, we see that one strong male leader, assisted by a counsel of city elders, was the traditional form of government. However, there seems to be a real concern with the rights of the citizens, as Gilgamesh is expected to be a just ruler. The outrage over his abuses actually leads to the creation of Enkidu in the story.

In The Epic of Gilgamesh, the presentation of religion is similar to what Greek and Roman authors would write a thousand years later. First, the Mesopotamians were a polytheistic society. Many gods are attached to natural phenomena or occurrences: Shamash is the god of the sun (and his wife the goddess of the moon), Ishtar the goddess of both love and war, Ea the god of water and the arts, etc. This is common in polytheistic religions.

Second, the gods are heavily personified. They have relationships, they pick favorite mortals to guide (or choose their least favorite to destroy), they fight amongst themselves. When Enlil chooses to destroy mankind in the Flood, Ea saves Utnapishtim by telling him to build the boat. When the Flood is at its fiercest, Enlil is safe within his palace, while the other gods are cowered around the gates, soaking and miserable.

There is gender division suggested in the culture/religion as well. The king of gods is male, which suggests a masculine dominance. Yet Ishtar is a major goddess, controlling both love and war, and the city of Uruk is dedicated to her. Because she controls two aspects of human nature ruled by emotion, it may suggest that Mesopotamians believed women were guided by instinct or emotion more than reason.

The images of the afterlife are strange. The underworld is certainly dark, and it appears that all souls alike are trapped underground, to shuffle about like birds. Because this is such a fragmentary look at the beliefs, it is difficult to form an accurate picture of their vision of the underworld.

Why did Fitzgerald chose Nick as the narrator when he is really not a central character to the tragic events that occur?

Fitzgerald created a character like Nick to narrate his the story of Jay Gatsby, Daisy and Tom Buchanan, and the other characters of "The Great Gatsby," because Nick had objective observation skills.  As an outsider moving in, Nick was more beliveable. The story is told from Nick's perspective and thus allows the reader to see all perspectives of the world in which he finds himself.  We see the traditional old money values and hubris of Tom and Daisy.  We can see the carefree and idealic attitude of Jay.  We can see Jordan's dishonesty and her lack of respect for the middle class values.  We can see the suffering of George, who believes he is losing his wife, and the blindness of both George and Myrtle; both believing they will soon escape from the lonely lives they live.  Through the use of a "good ole' guy" and a "good sport" like Nick we can trust his view.  We, as readers like Nick and we believe him when he tells us that "Jay, you are worth the lot of them."

If Fitzgerald had used any other character, we would not have the whole story.  We would have only seen one side of the story.  We would have seen the the story from Tom's skeptical and mean side. We might have seen the half truths from Jay, Daisy, or any of the other characters. Only from Nick Caraway can we learn the whole story.

"Superbly chosen by the author, Nick is a romantic, moralist, and judge who gives the reader retrospective flashbacks that fill us in on the life of Gatsby and then flash forward to foreshadow his tragedy. Nick must be the kind of person whom others trust. Nick undergoes a transformation himself because of his observations about experiences surrounding the mysterious figure of Jay Gatsby."

In Great Expectations, how are Magwitch the convict and Miss Havisham alike?Pleas explain

Although it would not seem like it at first, Magwitch and Miss Havisham actually share many similarities.

1.  They both hate Compeyson, the second convict on the marsh in the book's opening.  Miss Havisham has great reason to dislike him because he was in cohoots with her brother for the marriage scheme and is the one who leaves her at the altar. Likewise, Compeyson drags Magwitch down with him, betrays him, and eventually causes him to lose all his money.

2. Both characters are devastated by their lovers' despicable actions.  Miss Havisham's fiance not only leaves her at the altar, but she discovers that he never loved her in the first place.  This truth embitters Miss Havisham for much of her life. Magwitch's wife Molly (Jaggers' house servant with the scars on her wrist) kills someone Magwitch was supposedly involved with and causes their baby to disappear; so Magwitch goes his whole life thinking that his precious little girl is dead.

3. Magwitch and Miss Havisham are parents--of sorts--to Estella.  Magwitch is her biological father and discovers on his death bed that his daughter lived and became a beautiful woman, and Miss Havisham raises Estella.  She seems to love Estella in a strange way, but ultimately the manner in which she raised Estella does more harm than good.  Thus, you can infer that Magwitch and Miss Havisham are responsible for hurting Estella, although neither did so intentionally.

4. Both are connected to Pip's mysterious benefactor.  Pip assumes that Miss Havisham is his benefactress, while Magwitch actually is his benefactor.

5.  In connection to number 4, Miss Havisham and Magwitch both choose children to "train" and develop.  Miss Havisham trains Estella to be immune to men and uses her to exact her revenge upon as many men as possible. Magwitch pays for Pip to be trained as a gentleman and to exact his revenge upon Compeyson, the "gentleman" criminal.

6. Both characters employ Mr. Jaggers as their lawyer.

7. The most important similarity between the two is their influence upon Pip.  Their relationships with him lead to his maturation and profoundly affect the novel's plot.

The difference between two cooperative learning styles: Jigsaw and Competitive.explain between them

While previous two answers do give some useful information about jigsaw learning system, they fail to recognize and dispel a serious wrong assumption in the question. The question assumes that Jigsaw learning and competitive learning are two different varieties of competitive learning. Fact is that jigsaw learning system is a cooperative system of learning developed to replace the traditional competitive learning system, in which students, in their attempts for better grades, only compete with each other.

While the competitive system does create some motivation to learn, it also creates tension between students. This can act like fuel to fire in the tension that may exist between students because of their different backgrounds and personal likes and dislikes. To solve this problem, the jigsaw classroom techniques were developed in early 1970's.

In this system each student is given the responsibility to prepare one specific portion of the complete subject to be learnt. Thus if there are 25 students in a class of geography, each student will be assigned a specific topic within the total subject of Geography. Each student learns his portion by independent study and research under guidance of the teacher. Then each student, assisted by the teacher, presents his part in the class room. Thus each student is dependent on every other student in the class to learn the complete subject. This not only makes the atmosphere in the class more cooperative. The student acquire additional skills in self study, researching, and cooperative working.

Additional useful insights into jigsaw method, along with background information on development of this method, can be obtained from the Internet site referred below.

What is the source of the optimism at the begining of Act 2 in "Death of a Salesman"?Have one week to finsh this summer assignment!!!

To find the source of optimism you need to look at the end of Act I. This "Florida idea" as it is called begins when Happy mentions that Biff is going to ask Bill Oliver for a business loan. The plan is that Happy and Biff are going to use their sporting and physical abilities to market and sell sporting goods. Everybody thinks that this is a great idea - the two brothers going into business together.

Of course, relating this to one of the key themes of the novel, we can see that this is another example of the myth of the American dream. Their optimism is tragically moving by the end of the play.

Under what circumstances was "If" written by Rudyard Kipling? Why did Rudyard Kipling write the poem "If"? On what basis was "If" written ?

Kipling wrote the poem for a children's magazine.  It was written as a complementary piece to a description of George Washington.  Placing it afterwards, Kipling was intending to make a direct statement about the nature of leadership and maturation that Washington represented and Kipling sought to praise.  In writing the poem for a children's book, Kipling sought to morally instruct the child reader as to what would constitute ethical development.  Children's literature had been emerging and Kipling saw his poem as one that can be appreciated by children.  This accounts for the personalized manner in which it is written, as the poem is created as a series of situations where one would imagine what the right path to take would be.  The very strong and instructional tone that is evoked is reminiscent of how one would direct a child and their actions.

Why is The Great Gatsby written from a male perspective (narrator)?I am trying to learn about the feminist lens in literature.

The novel is written from the male perspective because Nick Carraway is representative of Fitzgerald himself (at least one part of him). Nick's Midwestern background and his personal observations and reactions reflect Fitzgerald's in many ways. In numerous critical biographies of Fitzgerald, the point is made that the author was in many ways a divided personality. His Midwestern values conflicted with the wealthy, glamorous, and often irresponsible life he longed for in his youth and led for many years. In this respect, Nick Carraway and Jay Gatsby function as the conflicting parts of Fitzgerald's own character; they are his alter egos. In the novel, Nick finally arrives at strong moral judgments about the selfish and amoral forces that ultimately destroy Gatsby. He leaves the East and goes back home to the Midwest.

One of the fascinations of Fitzgerald's personality was that as he was engaging in the lifestyle that broke him financially and destroyed his health, a part of him was objectively observing and condemning his own behavior. It was only at the end of his life, after experiencing what he called his emotional "crack up," that he found some peace. He was working hard and very professionally to complete a new novel, The Last Tycoon, when he died of a heart attack in Hollywood at the age of 44. Based on his notes and the chapters he had already drafted, critics now say that it would have been a fine work.

The Indian retail sector are witnessing a transition phase where organised retailing is taking a lead over unorganised retailing.in the light of...

It is not quite correct to say that, in India, organized retailing is taking a lead over unorganized retailing. It is quite true that the organized retailing in India has witnessed a vigorous growth in recent years, and is expected to continue to grow fast for some more time. But still organized retail trade accounts for just about one twentieth of the total retail trade volume. Thus the time when the organized retail will exceed the size of unorganized retail is still long way off.

Large scale organized retail is not something new to India. For example, Bata shoe company was, more than 60 years back, already successfully retailing its shoes through hundreds of company owned shops across the length and breadth of the country. However, in second half of the twentieth century not many of the large business houses of India had much interest in retailing. It was only towards the close of the twentieth century, that success of Wal-Mart as the biggest corporation in the World, and that of some local businessmen such as Kishor Biani, forced large business houses to turn their attention to retailing. As a result many of the largest business houses in India, including names such as Tata's, Birla's and Ambani's entered into retailing in big way.

Government also saw organized retailing as a promising organized industry, and in hope of attracting foreign investors to invest in this sector liberalized the norms of foreign direct investment in India. Currently, these norms permit up to 51% FDI in single brand retailing. In addition 100% FDI is permitted in cash-&-carry wholesaling which, at times, does act as retailer also.

The most popular structure for organized retailing in India is shopping malls situated in big cities. The biggest retail company in India today is the Pantloon Retail promoted by Kishor Biyani.

What is something Dill cries about, understands, hears, and hopes in To Kill a Mockingbird?it has to be things that are of importance in the book.

One particular incident in Chapter 19 shows something very important that Dill hears and understands, and it reduces him to sobs. After listening to Mr. Gilmer question Tom Robinson at the trial, Dill is sickened by the cruelty of Gilmer's treatment of Tom. The prosecutor bullies Tom on the stand, and Tom is powerless to defend himself by standing up to Gilmer. When Tom answers one specific question honestly, daring to disagree with Gilmer, the prosecutor slaps him down, demeaning him: "Are you being impudent to me, boy?" Tom immediately replies humbly, "No suh, I didn't go to be."

It is at this point that Jem makes Scout take Dill outside:

For some reason Dill had started crying and couldn't stop; quietly at first, then his sobs were heard by several people in the balcony.

Once outside, Dill tries to pull himself together, then explains to Scout and Dolphus Raymond nearby why he had become so upset: "That old Mr. Gilmer doin' him thataway, talking so hateful to him--" When Scout tries to explain that Gilmer was doing his job, like Atticus, Dill explains further:

Well, Mr. Finch didn't act that way to Mayella and old man Ewell when he cross-examined them. The way that man called him "boy" all the time an' sneered at him, an' looked around at the jury every time he answered-- . . . . "I don't care one speck [that Tom is a Negro]. It ain't right, somehow it ain't right to do 'em that way. Hasn't anybody got any business talkin' like that--it just makes me sick.

In the courtroom, Dill had heard the ugly voice of racism and understood it for the evil it is. The injustice and cruelty of it made him cry and made him sick. He understood Tom's fear and powerlessness, and he understood Gilmer's arrogance and persecution.

One incident that shows Dill's hopes occurs when he runs away from his parents' house and travels many miles back to Maycomb, showing up late at night, tired, dirty, and hungry. Dill comes back to Atticus's house because it is the only place he thinks of as home, the place where he as found acceptance, affection, and respect. He hopes desperately that he will be allowed to stay.

In The Merchant of Venice, what did Bellario write to the duke in his letter, and who was Balthasar?

In league in trickery with Portia, Bellario writes to the Duke that he is ill and unable to attend the Duke's court. He also writes that at the time of receiving the Duke's letter, he was being visited by a young lawyer named Balthasar from Rome. Bellario goes on to say that he and Balthasar discussed the case and examined may law books to find the legal precedents that apply to Shylock's case against Antonio and that Bellario sent young Balthasar to the Duke instead of making the trip himself. He also writes that Balthasar is fully equipped with Bellario's opinion on the case and has enhanced Bellario's opinion by the addition of his own learned opinion. Bellario beseeches the Duke to give Balthasar "reverend estimation" despite his youth for he is wise though young.

I am very sick: but in the instant that your messenger came, in loving visitation was with me a young doctor of Rome; his name is Balthasar. I acquainted him with the cause in controversy between the Jew and Antonio the merchant: we turned o'er many books together:

Balthasar the young legal doctor from Rome, of course, is a made up person who doesn't exist and was not visting Bellario who was not sick. Remember that Portia sent her servant--named Balthasar--to deliver the letter to her cousin Bellario in Padua with instructions that the servant--Balthasar--bring all the things that Bellario will give him and then meet her and Nerissa in Venice. The whole letter was a plot, a prank, a ploy to get Portia into the courtroom while disguised as a male lawyer--named Balthasar--with Bellario's legal instructions rehearsed and in hand, so she could win Antonio's case and save him from Shylock's avenging knife. Even though Balthasar doesn't exist, Portia was dressed as a lawyer and was masquerading in disguise as Balthasar the young lawyer.

Literally, what is the Valley of Ashes, and how does Fitzgerald's languge create the mood there?

Literally, the Valley of Ashes is a massive trash dump. Keep in mind that Gatsby's setting of the 1920s is before the EPA and all of our current environmental regulations.  The Industrial Revolution took place not too long before the Roaring Twenties, and so the pollution, excessive waste, and overcrowding of that time period carries over into Nick's era. Its name derives from the fact that it constantly "smokes" and cast a grey tint to the air and everything around it.  It is conveniently located between the city and "eggs," making it easy for the waste of both locations to make it way there.

Symbolically, the Valley of Ashes is a wasteland of hopes, ideas, and even human life. Myrtle Wilson is trapped there and is willing to escape her earthly hell if only to be with an abusive, philandering married man. Fitzgerald's description of George Wilson demonstrates that the Valley of Ashes has drained the life out of him.  He probably once considered himself an entrepreneur, but the location of his business has slowly taken away his livelihood and his wife. One could argue that because the Valley is the site of Myrtle's death and Gatsby and Daisy's permanent separation that it also takes away Gatsby's dream; at the very least it takes away Myrtle's life and George's sanity.

The Valley also serves as a wasteland of the filthy rich.  As they live their lives of excess in the city and on the "eggs," they transport their waste to the Valley, removing distasteful reminders of their overindulgence. This wasteland demonstrates the the corruption of Old Money and the East has far-reaching effects.

Finally, because the Valley of Ashes is the location of the Dr. Eckleburg billboard, which represents an uninvolved god, it serves as a hell-like location. "God" looks down on man's misery and waste and does nothing, perhaps because Fitzgerald implies that for the Old Money people, God has been pushed to the trash heap.

I need 3 dialogue quotes that show childhood innocence in "To Kill a Mockingbird".

1.  Towards the end of chapter 15, when the angry mob comes to the jail to harm Tom Robinson, Scout and Jem happen to be there.  Scout, being a child, doesn't understand the full extent of the dangerous situation.  In her innocence, she recognizes Mr. Cunningham as one of the men there, and asks innocently,

"Hey Mr. Cunningham.  How's your entailment gettin' along?...I go to school with Walter...and he does right well.  He's a good boy."

She is casually making conversation with a man who has come to injure and possibly kill an innocent black man.  She doesn't quite understand the situation.  And, she is confused as to why he isn't responding to her, or being kind.  She narrates,

"Atticus had said it was the polite thing to talk to people about what they were interested in...So I tackled his entailment once more in a last-ditch effort to make him feel at home...I was slowly drying up, wondering what idiocy I had committed...'What's the matter?' I asked."

She feels awkward that everyone is just staring at her, and innocently asks them what is going on.  This instance of childhood innocence saves the day; it forces Mr. Cunningham to act as a decent, human being instead of an angry mobster.  He takes the mob and leaves--Scout's innocence put a face on the mean thing these men were going to to, and gave them a perspective check.

2.  In chapter 12, after Scout and Jem go to Cal's church, Scout is amazed at the fact that Calpurnia has a life outside of the one that she lives with them.  In her childhood innocence, she doesn't realize that Cal doesn't belong only to their lives, and has other situations going on. Kids are very self-focused, and understand the world only as it relates to them.  She states,

"That Calpurnia led a modest double life never dawned on me.  The idea that she and a separate existence outside our household was a novel one, to say nothing of her having command of two languages."

3.  Scout asks question after question that reflects her naivety and innocence.  One is that she asks Cal, "What's rape?"  Another one is when she asks,

"Cal,...why do you talk nigger-talk to the--your folks when you know it's not right?"

Another is when Walter is pouring syrup on his food, she states,

"he would probably have poured it into his milk class had I not asked what the sam hill he was doing."

All of these questions reflect a childhood's innocent nature, one who doesn't know more adult and mature things in the world.

I hope that these thoughts help a bit; good luck!

Who is the sole hero of Julius Caesar?

In several respects, Brutus is the play's only hero. He is developed as one of Shakespeare's tragic heroes (like Macbeth, Hamlet, Lear, and Othello) by fulfilling Shakespeare's conventions for that role. Brutus is an admirable man who falls from great power and is destroyed as the result of a fatal flaw within his own character.

Putting aside these characteristics of the tragic hero, however, Brutus still stands as the play's hero. As Antony points out in the play's conclusion, Brutus acted out of conscience, trying to save freedom in Rome. His motives were honorable, and all his subsequent actions showed his devotion to Rome. He sacrificed his home, his marriage, and his life in doing what he believed was his duty.

Unlike Cassius, once Brutus had an army behind him, he did not abuse his power by profiting from it, making money at the expense of peasants. Unlike Antony, once Brutus had power, he did not cheat (Antony's treatment of Lepidus) or steal from the Roman citizens to enrich himself. (Remember that Antony changed Caesar's will to keep the Roman citizens from the inheritance Caesar had intended for them.)

As for considering Caesar as the play's hero, he is not presented as such in the drama. Caesar had fought bravely in his role as Roman general to protect Rome from enemies and to enlarge its territory, but once he had secured power in Rome, Caesar behaved with arrogance, preserving his power and seeming to seek even more.

Of all the major characters, only Brutus maintained his integrity and acted with courage to achieve what he perceived to be honorable ends.

What details suggest that Kino and Juana are good people who live in harmony with their world?

The beginning of the novel show the goodness of Kino and Juana explicitly.  Kino works the "land" to provide for his family (farms the oysters in the sea) while Juana provides maternalistic comfort to both her baby and husband.  They live simply and humbly.  The appearance of the pearl is the beginning of the destruction of that harmony as Kino dreams of bigger and better things for his family (not a bad pursuit but full of conflict.)  The scene with the market people when Kino tries to sell his pearl shows this conflict.

What's a good thesis for an essay titled "Having Loved and Lost" comparing "Miss Brill" to "A Rose For Emily"?

Unfortunately I see a number of issues with your chosen essay title. Whilst I think it would be perfect for an analysis of "A Rose for Emily" and an examination of the character of Miss Emily and what drives her to the rather drastic lengths she takes to secure herself a husband, dead or alive, I can't see how the title can equally be applied to "Miss Brill." Miss Brill is not a character that has ever known the possibility of romance as far as we know it. There is no information in this tremendous short story to suggest such a relationship in the past. Indeed, part of what makes this tale so poignant is the desperate loneliness that she suffers and the way that she is forced to eavesdrop into the lives of others to gain entertainment and a sense of being alive. Note what the text tells us about her:

They did not speak. This was disappointing, for Miss Brill always looked forward to the conversation. She had become really quite expert, she thought, at listening as though she didn't listen, at sitting in other people's lives just for a minute while they talked round her.

We get the sense as readers of this short story that Miss Brill is only able to enjoy life as a spectator sport, rather than living it herself, compared to Miss Emily, who at least has some experience of love and life.

Therefore, if you are going to compare and contrast these two texts, you will want to think about and consider the profound isolation that both central characters suffer. Both Miss Brill and Miss Emily are definitely isolated from the worlds in which they live, but for very different reasons. I would select a thesis statement like the following:

Miss Emily and Miss Brill are both isolated figures in their worlds, but for radically different reasons.

This would allow you to establish the shared theme of isolation whilst also giving you scope to talk about the differences. Good luck!

How is an electromagnet formed? How does winding the wire around a hard core make the electromagnet stronger?

We know that when  current passes through a  conductor magnetic field is produced around it.We also know that if the  conductor  is in circular form the strength of the magnetic field is increased in the centre of the loop. The strength of the magnetic field is, therefore,

(i)directly proportional to the current passing through the circular loop(ii) and inversely proportional to the radius of the loop.

If we increase the the number of loops (by introducing the insulated  conductor) the magnetic field strength gets stronger by that many number of times. This principle applies to a solenoid, where the insulated condutor is wound in a number of windings/ loops. Now if we introduce a core  of soft iron rod  through the solenoid the magnetic effect is many fold increased and the entire core acts as a magnet. The strength of this electromagnet is proportional to (i) the current passing through the insulated windings (ii) the number of turns in the windings.

The use of the soft iron core has one advantage that it completely looses its magnetism, when the current in the loop is switched off. If we use  steel instead of soft iron , it does not loose all its magnetism when current is stopped.

To make the electromagnet stronger, as already told we have to (1) increase the current passing in the conductor , (2)increase the  the number of loops of the conductor. One more factor is that the more the air gap between the poles , the less the magnetic field strength. For this reason, to reduce the length of air gap between the poles the eletromagnet is bent like a  U-shape. A U-shaped (or horse shoe type) electromagnet  is very much stronger than an electromagnet of bar shape with other identical conditions.

Life of Pi explains how religions and zoos are both steeped in illusion. What are other ways in which these two fields find unlikely compatibility.

The previous answer was pretty disparaging of religion, but one does not need to be. When one begins to compare zoos with religion, there are many things one can see in terms of similarities. Let me give a few:

1. First, let me reverse the logic of the previous answer. Just as man creates zoos, so God creates religion.  This is another way to look at things. And it is just as legitimate to say.

2. Zoos can only function because people take care of the animals in them. In a similar fashion, one can argue that religions are able to thrive for so long, because there is reality behind religion. A good example is the explosion of religion in our world. Unlike what social scientists believed in the past about the future of religion, today there is more religious people than ever. Just read any works by Peter Berger.

I think these two points should get you started thinking.

I need help writing a critical analysis of the poem "How Soon Hath Time" by John Milton.

The surface meaning of the poem is that the speaker is contemplating the arc of is life on this, his 23rd birthday.  He knows that time is passing and decisions must be made at this particular time.   (”How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth”)  Time is running out on the speaker (“My hasting days fly on with full career), and he feels that he has little show for his efforts thus far (“But my late spring no bud or blossom show’th).  In light of all this, he reflects on how quickly the last year has gone and how time is passing (“That I to manhood am arrives so near) and his own personal sense of satisfaction is not yet apparent (And inward ripeness doth much less appear.)    The last six lines of the poem show the speaker’s determination to continue his work. He knows that God is the one who ultimately directs his steps, allots him his tasks, and determines the timing. Whether God has high or low (”mean” in line 11) tasks planned for him, nothing is wasted.  The symbolic meaning of the poem is that individuals must make choices, critical choices, about who they are and who they hope to be.  These choices must reflect their true sense of self and be the decisions with which there is complete confidence.  The reflection of our own essences, our own identities, is present with decisions we take that reflect them.  The belief in a higher power will validate or invalidate our decisions, so making these choices with our true senses of self in mind is vitally important.  The poem is structured in a 14-lined sonnet.  The rhyme pattern is  distinctive.  In the first eight lines, the pattern is A-B-B-A.  Note:  “youth” goes with “show’th” and “truth” along with “endueth.”  This is complemented with “year,” “career,” “near,” and “appear.”  The last six lines follow a different format:  C-D-E-D-C-E.  It is almost as if the rhyme pattern represents two different beliefs.  The first eight lines reflect questioning and doubt, while the last six lines reflects a resolve and resolute nature.  The rhyme pattern difference could be coincidental with the change in tone.  The imagery in the poem personifies time as a “thief,” something with which there must be reckoning.   This image is set against the “Taskmaster”, presumably a higher force, that watches over everything.  In terms of appreciation, I think you have to examine and see if you accept the idea that our decisions have to reflect our true essence, and there is a need to act on that as soon as we recognize it.

How do we define language as better than dialect? What is the role of mutual inteligibility between them?no

A dialect is simply a regional variation of a particular language. In the United States, for example, there are differences in words, phrases, and syntax in New England states, in Appalachia, in the Midwest, and in the South.  Even within each of those regions, there are still more local variations. While I am not acquainted with dialects in languages other than English, I am quite sure they exist as well.  A dialect should not be confused with an accent, which is a different way of pronouncing words. 

Before we talk about intelligibility, we should discuss why there are dialects to begin with. Some dialects exist because the ethnic origins of people differ.  For example, many people who settled Appalachia were from particular sections of the British Isles, so while they spoke English, they spoke a particular form of English that remained part of their language culture.  Some dialects exist because people who move to a different location encounter new flora, new fauna, and new situations.  They develop their own words and expressions to communicate about these.  Some of the most colorful expressions in English are a result of people settling in a new place. Until modern times, people could not travel as they do now, had no computers, radios, or televisions, and so were more isolated in their geographic "pockets."  The more isolated people are, the more their language will vary from the "standard."  But today, as we are all less isolated because of the ease of travel and the influence of the media, the more at risk our dialects are.  That is a shame because dialects do enrich a language.

Now, insofar as intelligibility is concerned, there are enough common elements in the various English dialects to allow us to communicate fairly well with one another.  If I am speaking to someone from the South, though, that person might use a word or expression I am not familiar with, so I need to ask what it means. Similarly, in my part of the United States, people use some words and expression someone from another section might not understand.   If you watch television or listen to the radio, though, you will notice that most people speak what we call Standard English, which avoids the use of dialect completely.  Since national radio and television programs are meant to be heard coast to coast, people in all regions of the United States need to understand what is being said.  If local words, expression, and syntax are used, only people in a particular area will be able to understand.

I should also add that when there is sufficient time and isolation, a dialect can become another language.  As mankind has spread across the planet, new situations and isolation have created the world's variety of languages. 

The history of language and dialect is fascinating, and a wonderful area of study.  Presently, there is a dictionary project, which is not complete, but which provides regional language information for the United States.  This is called the Dictionary of American Regional English(DARE), and I believe there are volumes available up through the letter "R."  I have included a link to the website, in case you are interested in learning more about this, and I would imagine most public libraries have copies of the completed volumes.

Hawthorne repeatedly uses the words "imp" and "elf" to describe Pearl. In what way are these words appropriate regarding her character and behavior?

Hawthorne does this on purpose to give the reader a hint as to the supernatural and otherworldly character of Pearl, the daughter born out of an adulterous affair to Hester and the Puritan Pastor.  In Chapter VI, when we really focus on the little girl, there are descriptions of her nature--she truly is more comfortable away from people, in the forest decorated with flowers and leaves as an elf or fairy child would be.  She is incredibly smart as Hester was at Pearl's age, and the girl detects that it is society's fault that she and her mother are forced to live on the edge of society and secluded.  Therefore, it is only natural that she is hostile toward society for putting her beloved mother in this position.

In this same chapter, Hester asks Pearl, "Child, what art thou?" and her next question is "Art thou my child, in very truth?"   These questions follow Pearl's abnormal laughter, actions in the forest, her wild and black eyes, and the way she seems to bond with the sun shining between the leaves of the trees, the water in the brook and the wildflowers.  Hawthorne describes her as dancing

"up and down, with the humorsome gesticulation of a little imp whose next freak might be to fly up the chimney...such was Pearl's wonderful intelligence that her mother half doubted whether she were not acquainted with the secret spell of her existence, and how she might reveal herself". 

 He is attempting to give her magical, unnatural qualities due to the circumstances of her unnatural birth.  It is similar to the immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary, but in a negative connotation since Hester's pregnancy was caused by a man who is not her husband.

Why does Philip cry at the end of the story nothing but the truth?

Like his adversary, Miss Narwin, Philip is a pawn in the drama he sets in motion by "refusing" to follow the school's rule of silence during the national anthem each morning in homeroom. What he really wants is to be transferred back into his old homeroom, where the teacher was a lot looser, and to pass English so he can be on his high school track team.

Instead, what he gets is a transfer to another school where he can be as "patriotic" as he likes, but where he knows no one. To top it all off, he discovers that his new school has no track team. Both Philip and Miss Narwin are sacrificed to an insatiable media frenzy and the petty posturing and politics of the school board and administration. It's enough to make anyone cry!

What is the exposition, rising action, falling action and resolution of the plot of the short story, "A Sound of Thunder"?I need to know the...

Ray Bradbury's science fiction short story, "A Sound of Thunder," recounts the tale of a journey to the past that goes terribly awry. Time Safari Inc. is a travel company which specializes in organizing hunting expeditions for the dreaded Tyrannosaurus Rex. The group travels by time machine to the past, where the paying guests are given the opportunity to take down a real, live T-Rex. However, there are certain rules that must be followed; one of them is to never deviate from the specific trail that is mapped out for the group. During the hunt, however, one member, Eckels, panics and flees from the path.

When the group returns to the present, they discover that there are now many changes: Buildings look different, familiar words are spelled differently, and the recent presidential election now has a new winner. The reasons for the changes soon become apparent when Eckels goes to clean his boots and discovers a lone butterfly on the sole. He had stepped on the butterfly in the past, and the death of this single creature has caused a chain reaction of events that have left the world changed forever.

The rising action would probably be considered the killing of the T-Rex from which Eckels ran. The falling action is the discovery of the changes in the town that have resulted from the killing of the butterfly. The resolution comes when Eckels hears the click of the safety release of Travis' rifle, followed by the sound of thunder.

Will someone please summarize Sir Patrick Spens?

"Sir Patrick Spens" is a tragic ballad of Scotland. First published in 1765, it is probably much older than that date, probably by several centuries.  While a real Sir Patrick Spens has never been identified, it is possible there was a real thirteenth-century event involving the daughter of the King of Norway on which the poem is based.  But the importance of the actual events is not so great as the literary quality and the excellence of the ballad form in this poem

The story of the poem is broadly thus: The king of Scotland needs to fetch the daughter of the king of Norway from over the sea, and therefore needs a very good sailor to go and get her.  It is understood that this is a bad time of year for sailing (probably winter), and therefore the choice of captain ("skipper") of the ship would be put in considerable danger.  Some "eldern knight" at the Scottish court -- he is not named, specifically -- suggests the excellent sailor, Sir Patrick Spens.

The king's orders are brought to him while Sir Patrick is walking on a beach (the strand).  The first line of the letter makes him laugh, the second makes him weep ("The tear blinded his ee").  Sir Patrick rails against whoever suggested him "O who is this has done this deed,
Has told the King of me(?)", but he follows the order and goes to Norway.

While in Norway, he is criticized by the Norwegian knights for spending the money and abusing the hospitality of their king.  Again Sir Patrick protests, saying that he brought a great deal of silver ("white monie") and gold with him from Scotland.  But again Sir Patrick does as he is told, and embarks even though the weather and the phase of the moon are sore against him, threatening a storm.

Of course, when the ship is too far from land for succor, a fearful storm with lightning arises.  The sailors try to keep the sea out by stuffing the hole in the side of the ship with cloth, but the water comes in nevertheless.  The poet says wryly that the Scots lords were loath to get their cork-heeled shoes wet, but, alas, their hats were soon to be drenched.  In other words, the ship sinks and all the people on board are drowned.  They lie forty miles off the coast of Aberdeen on the bottom of the sea.

This ballad, with its regular rhyme, musical Scots dialect, and dramatic build-up to a tragic ending, is a classic example of the form.  Ballads were almost always spoken or sung, and the literary form is meant to be enjoyed by hearing rather than by reading. The short, rhyming lines and stanzas of "Sir Patrick Spens" are easy to remember, and most people can remember one line verbatim, at least, after only one hearing.  It is a form that is exceedingly easy to memorize, and thus, easily remembered, becomes a part of the collective memory of its hearers.  The skillful building of suspense in the final stanzas of the poem, though the outcome is probably clear to most listeners and not a surprise, makes the ending that much more emotional for the hearers.  This popular form of poetry is still recited and composed today, in Scotland and many other cultures.

Which are the revelations/epiphanies that occur in the living room and in the nightclub?Please explain what the revelations are, and how they...

The narrator of "Sonny's Blues" by James Baldwin finally talks with the brother from whom he has been alienated.  Years ago Sonny would come by his house, but the narrator perceived him as "loose and dreamlike all the time" and he disliked his friends.  But, now as adults, the narrator realizes that he should listen to Sonny, for Sonny is "doing his best to talk."  And, as Sonny speaks of his addiction to heroin, his attempt to keep from suffering, the narrator realizes that there stood

the fact that I had held silence...when he had needed human speech to help him.

The narrator's epiphany in the living room is that beyond the "power of time and forgiveness" is the power of listening, a power that could have helped Sonny.

Later, at the nightclub, the narrator listens as Sonny plays the blues and jazz.  He enters Sonny's world, his "kingdom.  Here, it was not even a question that his veins bore royal blood."  The narrator now respects his brother Sonny, perceiving what a great artist he is.  He confronts another moral truth:

...the man who creates the music is hearing something else, is dealing with the roar rising from the void and imposing order on it as it hits the air.  What is evoked in him, then, is of another order, more terrible because it has no words, and triumphant, too, for that same reason.  And his triumph, when he triumphs, is ours.

The narrator does experience two epiphanies.  However, they both come from his realization that he must listen to his talented brother who needs his ear in both situations.  "Meaning depends upon sharing," writes Joseph Conrad in a short story.  Certainly, meaning for both Sonny and his brother greatly depends upon their sharing of their inmost souls with one another, for then they can understand each another.