Brief me regarding the emergence of managment thought.History of managment thought

Though people have been managing their affairs for thousands of years, and the techniques of management became quite well developed as methods of managing affairs of state, armies and religious institutions. However, recognition of management as separate function came about only towards the close of nineteenth century. Around that time a few pioneers started to develop and propagate ideas about methods of managing effectively. Thereafter the discipline of management developed quickly passing through several schools of management thoughts. It should be noted that each new management thoughts have added to and enriched existing management thoughts, rather than replaced them.

The first school of management thought, which is called classical management school emerged during late nineteenth century, and had gained wide recognition in initial two or three decade of twentieth century. This classical management itself consists to three distinct streams. These are scientific management, administrative management and bureaucratic management. Among this the most popular school of thought is the scientific management of Frederick W. Taylor (1865-1915) and the team of Frank and Lilian Gilbreth. The scientific management primarily concentrated on improving work methods through systematic study and analysis of work. Scientific management had profound effect on management thinking and practices in early twentieth century. Major limitation of scientific management was that it failed to recognize the importance of group working and providing overall direction to management of total work in addition to improving efficiency and effectiveness of individual tasks within it. This task was accomplished by Administrative management.

The concept of administrative management are primarily attributed to Henri Fayol (1841-1925). The core ideas of Administrative management are summarised in Fayol's fourteen principles of management. These principle deal with issues such as division of work, authority and responsibility, organizational design, remuneration, job stability, equity, team spirit and initiative.

Bureaucratic management was developed by Max Weber (1864-1920). Weber envisaged a system where management decision are taken based on rational and well established rules rather than on personal choices and preferences. Though the name bureaucratic management has come to stand for rigidity and delays, the basic ideas of Weber are used widely in all major organization. The major drawback of the bureaucratic management is the assumption that all organization decision can be taken based on rules and regulations.

After classical management the major school of management thought to develop in 1933's is the behavior school, which emphasized the human aspect of management including issues like motivation, group dynamics, initiative and innovation.

During World War II many efforts were made to improve management of war efforts. This included use of quantitative techniques. These techniques became the the basis for development of Quantitative school of management immediately after World War II.

The next school of management thought developed in 1960's contingency school, which is more of an integration of previous thought rather than a new direction.

The management thought currently popular is called contemporary management, and is based on use of specific management techniques and approaches such as TQM and Kaizen.

Why does the poet long to be that kind in the poem "Snake" by Theodore Roethke?why is the poet so impressed with the snake.

The idea that someone can meld with nature is something that comes up often in Roethke's poetry. What the persona (the speaker in the poem) seems most attracted to is the snake's "pure, sensuous form." The snake does not do any thinking--it just exists in its world. It glides out of the shade and hangs limply on a stone.

The young snake does not think; it exists. It is a "pure, sensuous form." Its entire way of being in the world is physical. It "glides" (an effortless movement) and it "hangs" on the stone it arrives at.

Humans live in mind and body. We are "civilized", and part of what makes us that is that we can control our bodies. We can think about our physical impulses and we can decide what to do, where to go, and even, perhaps, who to love. Most of us spend too much time thinking and not enough time being.

If we become one with an object in nature, we lose our intellect but gain a deeper pulse. This is the attraction for the poet. He watches the snake and feels an immediate physical response. He says his "slow blood warms." "Slow blood" is not aroused. It is calm and controlled. Warm blood is infused with passion. It can flow more quickly.

The snake represents sensuality in its pure form. The narrator wants to be one with the snake because he wants to connect with his own pure sensual nature. Unlike the snake, this does not come naturally for the poet. He has to hope that in time what is second nature for the snake will come to him.

What Roethke is doing here is reversing our expectations and playing with our ideas about what is honourable and good. We have built our society upon the belief that our ability to think is what makes us better than the rest of the beings on earth. Roethke is suggesting that it is the opposite that should be striven for--what is valuable is our ability to feel.

What is the gist of the play in "As You Like It"?

Orlando, youngest son of the de Boys family, complains that his elder brother, Oliver, has unfairly withheld their late father's inheritance and prevented Orlando from being educated as a gentleman. The two are ill at odds with one another to the extent that when Oliver discovers that Orlando plans to challenge Charles, Duke Frederick's huge wrestler, Oliver plots with Charles to break his brother's neck during the match so he'll be rid of Orlando for good.

Orlando defeats Charles and Rosalind, Duke Senior's daughter, has fallen for Orlando and given him her own neckchain to reward him for his victory. Orlando is equally taken by her, but is unable to voice his feelings. Duke Frederick is infuriated at the victory since Orlando's father was the Duke's bitter enemy.

Rosalind and Celia, Duke Frederick's daughter, are friends.  Rosalind is banished from court (despite pleas from Celia) due to her love for Orlando and Frederick's hatred for both her father and Orlando's family.

As a result, the girls flee together. Duke Frederick is enraged when he learns that his daughter and Rosalind have fled, and since he believes Orlando is with the, he sends a search party led by Oliver after them. Orlando learns in the meantime that Oliver is trying to have him killed, so he plans to leave for the country to live in safety.

True to a Shakespearean comedy, everyone (the girls--dressed as boys--, Orlando and Adam, Duke Senior, etc.) end up in the same forest.

After lots of funny events with disguises, love triangles, poetry readings and critiques, stories of love from the servants, everyone's true identity is revealed and all works out well for everyone.  The banished Duke witnesses the marriages of Rosalind and Orlando, Oliver and Celia, and Silvius and Phebe.  In the midst of celebrating the marriages, a messenger arrives to tell the party that Frederick has decided to pardon Duke Senior and restore his Dukedom.  There is more cause for celebration, and the play ends on a happy ever after note.

What topics/themes do reality television shows explore?I'm doing a task on reality tv and my teacher wont help,so I'm trying this way. Please...

In order to answer this question effectively think about the reality shows that exist today such as Survivor, The Bachelor, Big Brother, etc.  Although these shows are different in some aspects, they all have the same theme of socialization.  People need to work as a unit in order to accomplish the end goal, the ultimate prize.  The irony of these realities shows, however, is that they also expose the theme of "survival of the fittest" by eventually pitting the same people who once had to work together against each other.  I hope this helps with your assignment.

In Chapter 8 of A Separate Peace, what does the dual nature of Devon's architecture reflect?

The dual nature of Devon's architecture reflects the divided nature of the school itself.  The author explains,

"The school had been largely rebuilt with a massive bequest from an oil family some years before in a peculiar style of Puritan grandeur, as though Versailles had been modified for the needs of a Sunday school.  This opulent sobriety betrayed the divided nature of the school...from the outside the buildings were reticent, severe straight lines of red brick or white clapboard, with shutters standing sentinel beside each window, and a few unassuming white cupolas placed here and there on the roofs because they were expected and not pretty, like Pilgrim bonnets.  But once you passed through the colonial doorways, with only an occasional fan window or low relief pillar to suggest that a certain muted adornment was permissible, you entered an extravaganze of Pompadour splendor.  Pink arched and valuted ceilings; an assembly room had been done in the manner of the High Italian Renaissance, another was illuminated by chandeliers flashing with crystal teardrops; there was a wall of fragile French windows overlooking an Italian garden of marble bric-a-brac; the library was Provencal on the first floor, rococo on the second".

The building, like the school is influenced by Puritan discipline and Renaissance extravagance, and values rooted in both American and European traditions.  The result is ambiguity and confusion, reflected in the ethical dilemmas the students, and especially Gene, must reconcile.  It is no accident that the description of the school's architecture ends with the observation that

"...everywhere...the floors and stairs were of smooth, slick marble, more treacherous even than the icy walks".

The "divided nature" of Devon School, especially as it exists within the turbulence of the war years, creates a moral landscape that is unclear and fraught with pitfalls, "smooth, slick...(and) treacherous" (Chapter 8).

Wiesel learns much later that he and his father missed an opportunity by not staying in the hospital during the camp’s evacuation. Explain.

This happens in the Buna camp.  Essentially, Eliezer's foot worsens during the cold weather and must have surgery and is hospitalized.  The particular time is important.  In 1944, the war was entering its final stages in the European Theatre. As the Nazis were in retreat, many SS officers were under orders to eliminate the remaining inhabitants of the camps.   When Eliezer, in the hospital, hears of the Russian troops coming to liberate the camp, he believes that they Nazis would rather kill off those who remained that allow the Russian troops to liberate them.  It is with this mindset that Eliezer and his father elect to leave, believing that the sick and those who were bed ridden would be one of the first to be executed by the  Nazis with the impending Russian liberation of the camp.  The realization that hits later on is that there was not any mass execution, and had they stayed in Buna, they would have been freed.

This reflects the desperate calculation that many during the Holocaust were forced to undertake in a situation that embodied chaos.  Wiesel refers to this in the work to show the level of rationality present, and how individuals who have knowledge and understanding, forming seemingly logical and plausible conclusions, could not predict the Nazi actions.  If we extrapolate this, the whole notion of "selection" is one that is rooted in supposed rationality, but is quite random.  The belief was that the Nazis used some level of "criteria" to determine who would live and who would die.  However, if one was placed as a prisoner of the camp, there could be no way one would be able to accurately predict if they were to live or die.  This becomes the terror of the Nazi philosophy:  It is supposedly steeped in rationality, but is highly surreal and random without any measure of deduction evident.  In this same manner, of rationality masquerading as irrationality and vice versa, Eliezer and his father make a reasonable and calculated decision that does not materialize.

What points of view are reflected in Silent Spring? Why should this book be recommended or not recommended as a valid and accurate source of...

While there is  a central aim in Carson's work to develop a sense of activism and action within the mind of the reader, there is a certain sense of technical proficiency and accuracy developed which help make the work an authentic one.  Carson does not present her point of view with only emotion that is not grounded in logic or reason.  She examines the problem of environmental abuse and lack of ecological awareness with scientific analysis that shows how destructive human beings are to their environment by not understanding the role of interdependency.  This scientific precision does not seek to lose the reader, but rather develop the understanding that her arguments are derived from a point of view that reflects scientific methodology and inquiry.

What are some themes in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian?

I think in addressing this question, the most powerful theme that is evident is the reclamation of voice.  A central idea of this book is the notion that a person's voice can be authentic and claimed back despite social marginalization and political powers that seek to silence it.  Ask yourself about occasions in the book where we can see Arnold fight to reclaim his voice.  Another theme is the idea that a person's identity is forged through social and political hurdles.  Arnold's identity and notion of self is enhanced only when he undergoes extreme levels of challenge from his own people and white society. (Pay attention to his impressions about how he feels he fits in, or more appropriately, does not fit in within either society.)  Like most books that are bildungsroman novels centered on the notion of a marginalized group, this novel explains the difficulty in being considered a hyphenated American.  I think this is another theme that can be explored with examples from the text.  The final theme is something that I find intriguing, but I am not sure others would.  I would submit that a theme present in the book is how these voices can be brought from margin to center when we pay attention and listen to these voices.  The narratives of Native Americans have not been included in American history.  Pay attention to the evidence in the book that talks about how Arnold sees himself as an American whose voice "sings" America, even if American society itself does not fully acknowledge his voice.  He speaks and sings regardless of who listens.  This idea of the freedom within the American narrative is a powerful one.

Would either or both words be capitalized if you were writing an essay and mentioned a recipe for sole veronique?

Generally speaking, culinary dishes that have a long standing history (for example, they've been served in a particular restaurant for years) tend to be capitalized. Dishes that are named after a particular person (often the chef who invented it) are usually capitalized, as are dishes named for places (like Manhattan Cam Chowder). But sometimes such names have become so common that they are part of English vernacular and the capitalization gets lost. For example, you may see 'fettucine alfredo' on a menu with no acknowledgment that Alfredo is a proper name. This may also happen with a Delmonico steak, or a Crab Louis. With European names it may not be clear that a recipe title is a name or place derivation, as with Beef Wellington.  When in doubt, capitalize a recipe title.

In "The Poisonwood Bible" what are some of the family dynamics dealing with Nathan Price and his personal issues and missonary passions?

Nathan Price is a determined, stubborn man with tunnel-vision.  He can only see life through the lens of accomplishing his goals and dreams in regards to missionary work.  So, his four girls grow up with a father who "doesn't see" them, and Oreanna has a husband who is so inflexible and rigid in his perceptions that she is the one that must adapt and cope in order to survive.  Because of his missionary ambitions, he takes his entire family of women to Africa, during a very tumultuous political time in the country.  He probably doesn't even think twice about their safety, or how well they will cope or deal there; it is the missionary work that is the most important thing.  And, it is interesting that after Ruth dies, Nathan does not seem impacted; it is Orleanna that packs up and leaves.  Nathan does not--again, it is missionary work that takes first priority.

Nathan's perspective in never really heard or seen in the novel, I think, because it never changes.  We can guess his motivations based on his actions and words to others; he isn't impacted much by events around him, because he keeps going on his way doing what he wants to do, regardless of the logic or sense of it, or whether it harms his family or not.  His daughters seem to understand him well at a young age; they know what to say and not say, and how to behave and not behave in order to fly under his radar without alarming him to their presence.  They exist outside of him, separate totally from him, and deal with all of the circumstances that he puts them in without any of his help.

It isn't only his family that is impacted by Nathan's stubbornness and missionary aspirations.  He refuses to change the way he plants his garden, he refuses to understand that the people are afraid to be baptized because of the crocs in the river, he refuses to pay respect to the village's "religious" man and meet him halfway.  All of these serve to alienate him from his goals further, just as he is alienated from his family.

I hope that these thoughts help a bit; good luck!

In "The Tempest", Act One, Scene One, why does Gonzalo believe the ship will not be wrecked?

What a specific question! Gonzalo first of all is seen arguing with the Boatswain who is definitely trying to cope with the storm.

GONZ:
Nay, good, be patient.
 
BOATS:
When the sea is. Hence! What cares these roarers for the name of the king? To cabin: silence! Trouble us not.

GONZ:
Good, yet remember whom thou has aboard. 

The Boatswain argues that the storm, the "roarers" of the wind and the sea, doesn't care who's on board - whether it's the king or not. Yet Gonzalo is still respectful of the king, and asks the Boatswain to remember his presence.

GONZ:
I have great comfort from this fellow. Methinks he hath no drowning mark upon him; his complexion is perfect gallows. Stand fast, good Fate, to his hanging. Make the rope of his destiny our cable, for our own doth little advantage. If he be not born to be hanged, our case is miserable.

Gonzalo then says the Boatswain looks like a man born to be hanged (i.e. hanged for committing some sort of crime!). His complexion (appearance) is "perfect..." for the "gallows". Therefore, Gonzalo hopes, Fate will not let him be "drowned", but save the ship in order that the Boatswain can fulfil his destiny - and be hanged.

It's the ugliness of the Boatswain that Gonzalo hopes will save the ship. Even if the ship was really weak, and leaking like a woman on her period (an "unstanched" - freely flowing - "wench"), then Gonzalo would warrant (bet against) the man drowning:

GONZ:
I'll warrant him for drowning, though the ship
were no stronger than a nutshell and as leaky as an unstanched wench.

Hope it helps!

Why do Mr Pilkington and Mr Frederick not help Mr Jones when he is expelled in Animal Farm?

Although Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick do eventually help Mr. Jones try to retake his farm in the disastrous Battle of Cowshed, at first neither one of them do anything when they hear that Mr. Jones has been expelled from his land.  There are a couple of reasons for their behavior.  First of all, both are "thoroughly frightened by the Rebellion on Animal Farm, and very anxious to prevent their own animals from learning too much about it".  With this in mind, Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick initially treat the whole idea as a joke, pretending "to laugh to scorn the idea of animals managing a farm for themselves".  They spread the rumor that the animals on the Manor Farm are "perpetually fighting among themselves and (are) also rapidly starving to death".  When it becomes evident that this is not the case, they "(change) their tune and be(gin) to talk of the terrible wickedness that now flourishe(s) on Animal Farm...it (is given out that the animals there "practice cannibalism...(torture), and (have) their females in common".  Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick are so busy trying to keep their own animals in line by discrediting what happened on Manor Farm that they do not have time to help Mr. Jones get his farm back.

A second reason why Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick do not help Mr. Jones when he is expelled from his farm is because "at heart, each of them (is) secretly wondering whether he could not somehow turn Jone's misfortune to his own advantage".  Essentially, their first thought is for their own possible gain; they really don't care about Mr. Jones and what has happened to him (Chapter 4).

In chapter 12, Dimmesdale and the sexton both see the letter "A" in the sky and interpret its meaning in different ways.......but what explanation...

     Just as in real-life situations, people respond to events and circumstances according to their prior experiences.  When, in The Scarlet Letter, the letter "A" seems to appear in the sky, the sexton declares it means "Angel," symbolizing Governor Winthrop's recent death, yet characters like Reverend Dimmesdale shudder because for them, the letter "A" symbolizes the greatest sin they have committed -- adultery.  Even today, people like you and I might see a "sign" (say, for example, a penny turned heads-up) and interpret it differently -- you might pick it up for good luck, but I might just look at it with guilt because I recently passed a homeless man asking for change.  Because of their personal experiences, the characters in The Scarlet Letter react in much the same way, according to the events and character traits that have shaped them.

      Nathaniel Hawthorne, who also serves as narrator in The Scarlet Letter (as we can tell by his preface, "The Custom- House"), deliberately remains ambiguous about what the "A" does mean.  Even at the end of the novel, when Dimmesdale reveals the "A" carved on his chest, and some townspeople say they see the emblem, but others do not (and some even concoct stories about how it possibly came to be), Hawthorne claims, "The reader may choose among these theories."  When, in "The Custom-House ," Hawthorne explains how he came to write about this scarlet letter, he describes the actual scarlet letter he found and touched as producing a sensation "as of burning heat."  Certainly, many readers find Hawthorne sensitive to the plights of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale, possibly through his limited omniscience into those characters' lives.  His sympathies for our protagonists, however, might also stem from a deep-seated guilt for one of his ancestors' -- John Hathorne's -- active persecutory role during the witch trials. 

     Overall, I would say that Hawthorne explains these two different interpretations through the characters' past experiences and reactions, though Hawthorne, as narrator, never actually explicitly states anything at all about their two differing responses to the "A".  It is easy to support the fact that these two men responded so differently to the "A" because their inner guilt (or lack thereof) and their knowledge of deep sins (or lack thereof).  Throughout The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne leaves much of the decision-making to his readers; what is or is not real are constructs in our minds.

In 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' what lessons does Atticus atempt to teach Scout about the use of racial slurs?Language is powerful, as the novel shows....

Atticus sends the ball back in the far side of the court, so to speak, when he turns the word "nigger-lover" (a slur name he has been called) into something positive.

Atticus explains to the children that indeed he loves Negroes as one should love and respect all men and not just a select few. Atticus changes the connotation of the word to adhere to its denotation, its literal definition void of highly-charged emotional insinuations.

What seems to be the author's purpose for writing "The Gilded Six-Bits"?

This story was written by Ms. Hurston in 1933.  During this time she was going through a rough patch with her husband who she later divorced. She had three marriages over all. 

One of the reasons she wrote this love story about Joe and Missie Banks was to relate, to the reader, the good things, and the bad, of marriage in general and themes speific to African American couples.  The desire to show the reader what is important in a relationship and what is not important is very clear in this story.

As a black woman Hurston was very familiar with the power of man of the house and him being the bread winner.  It was common during this era that the man supported his wife and brought home the money, while the wife, in turn, furnished him with a clean house, meals, children, and sex. 

Ms. Hurston was also trying to give the reader an intimatelook into the African American culture as husband and wife. the theme of not only love but also forgiveness.  We see this theme when Joe catches Missie being unfaithful to him with Mr. Slemmons and yet he forgives her.

This story is  result of her bad marriages and her study in anthropology.  She was not only trying to write an entertaining story, but she was also trying to teach the reader what should be important in a marriage. 

How do I write a paragraph of interest on any chapter? What things should be taken in consideration?

First, you need to be more specific. Which book do you need to discuss? What is the question you need to answer on the chapter? Is it about plot, character, setting, conflict, theme, symbolism, all of the foregoing?

Let us assume you are being asked to comment, generally on the chapter.

• Who is/are the main character/s?


• What is going on (action) in the chapter?


• Where does the action take place?


• Is there a specific theme in the chapter? For example, in Alice Walker's "The Color Purple", one recurring theme is courage.


• What is the conflict either between the main character and another character, or within the main character?


• Where does the chapter take place?


• What symbols are used? An example of this is Jonathan Lethem's "Motherless Brooklyn" where the main character's Tourette's Syndrome becomes symbolic of the noise and chatter of the city.


• How is descriptive language used? Metaphor and simile, for example, are language devices that make the chapter become three-dimensional and vivid.

Remember, to write effectively about the chapter, you have to enjoy reading it! Pick something that resonates with you, that is memorable, and that you are likely to tell your friends "You have to read this!"

Which instances in The Pearl show money is important in life? How is the family affected by chasing money?

As the novel begins, Kino and Juana live in peace and harmony with their natural surroundings, bound together by their love for their infant son, Coyotito. Their happiness and contentment is expressed in the phrase, the Song of the Family. Once Coyotito is bitten by the scorpion, however, their poverty becomes a crucial factor in their lives and the importance of money is established. They take Coyotito to the doctor in town, but the doctor will not treat the baby because his parents are so poor. If they had had enough money, their baby would have been treated immediately.

The importance of money is also seen in Kino's dreams once he finds the great pearl. He sees a future in which he and Juana can be married in the church and they can provide an education for Coyotito. Kino wants his son to learn how to read so that he will not be powerless in his ignorance. Kino knows that being able to read would protect one from being cheated by dishonest people who can read. Also, Kino dreams of owning a rifle, a means to protect his family. Also, after Kino killed the attacker on the path, he and Juana must run away, but Kino's canoe has been destroyed. If he had had money, he could have purchased a means of escape other than fleeing on foot. Thus, money assumes importance because it can buy medical care, education, and protection for his family.

Money and what it can provide becomes so important to Kino that once he finds the pearl, he becomes obsessed with it. When Juana attempts to throw it back into the sea, he attacks her viciously. He kills a man to keep the pearl, and he and his family lose their peaceful home in the village. Eventually, their son is killed by a stray bullet as they run away. Kino and Juana lose the life they once loved because Kino can't give up his dreams of great wealth.

Why does Mr Darcy not want to leave Rosings?

It is in Chapter 30 of Pride and Prejudice that Mr Darcy arrives at Rosings with Colonel Fitzwilliam, his cousin. It is interesting that Lady Catherine interprets his presence as dedication to her daughter, to whom it is expected that he will marry, but as we read the novel, we realise that Darcy is staying in Rosings because he is trying to work out if Elizabeth would be willing to marry him. This culminates in his famous proposal to Elizabeth in Chapter 34. Once he has received his rejection, Darcy wastes no time in leaving, having discovered all he wants to.

How did Archbishop James Ussher calculate that the world was created 6000 years ago?

Ussher calculated the date of the creation of the world by working his way back through the narrative given in the Bible. Given his presuppositions, he was a careful and thorough scholar, and modern critics of creationism such as Stephen Jay Gould have defended his academic respectability, while rejecting the conclusions he came to.

Following the Bible was not as simple as it sounds. For one thing, there are variant texts for the early period from Adam to Solomon. Ussher here followed the readings of the Hebrew Bible, which resulted in a count about 1500 years shorter than the ages given in the Septuagint would have yielded. For the time after Solomon, the Biblical record becomes more difficult to work with, and Ussher had to rely on external datings of events and figures mentioned in the sacred text. With the limitations of historical and archeological knowledge in his time, this was obviously tricky and difficult work.

For the precise date and time of the creation, Ussher calculated from the Jewish calendar, the seven-day length of the process as given in Genesis, and contemporary astronomical tables. He thus arrived at the conclusion that the world had been created at "the entrance of the night preceding the twenty third day of Octob[er] in the .... year before Christ 4004."

How is Mr. Jaggers's name symbolic in the novel "Great Expectations"?-how is the symbolism in Mr. Jaggers a primary method of characterization?

For Charles Dickens, the famous quote of "Romeo and Juliet"--"a rose by any other name would smell as sweet"--does not apply. Instead, any other name would not work for many of his characters since these names are symbolic.  That is, the names represent more than the literal nomenclature of a character; the names have figurative meanings as well.

One such example of a character whose silly name indicates his foolish nature is Uncle Pumblechook.  Humorously, Dickens gives this name to the pompous corn merchant, who foolishly wishes to ingratiate himself to Miss Havisham, a once great lady who now is a "sham" of what she did "have."  Estella, whose name means "star" is perceived as an almost ethereal being of great beauty by the naive Pip.  Of course, the figurative irony of her name is later revealed.

Mr. Jaggers, then, is a character whose name has meaning that extends beyond the identity of his person.  For, as Pip describes him in Chapter 18,

The strange gentleman, with an air of authority not to be disputed, and a manner expressive of knowing something secret about every one of us....

That he is jaggedly waivering the right side of the law is evident in his somewhat unethical behavior.  In his dark, doleful, and dismal house, he proudly displays the wrists of his housekeeper, boasting of her strength without revealing the history of this woman who has killed another with such wrists.  And, when Pip confronts Mr. Jaggers about having deceived him into believing that Miss Havisham has been his benefactor, Jaggers responds,

I am the mere agent.  I execute my instructions, and I am paid for doing so.  I think them injudicious, but I am not paid for giving any opinion on their merits.

This statement by Jaggers exemplifies his personality and is indicative of the opinion Charles Dickens had for legal systerm which worked for the wealthy and against the poor in England.  And, so, the name "Jaggers" indicates the blurred lines of justice and the cold calculator of financial gain who often keeps criminals out of prison through his legal acumen.  That Jaggers is not an ethical man is also portrayed in his appreciation of the evil Bentley Drummle, who represents to Jaggers the shrewd and ruthless qualities necessary to advancement in society.

Symbolic of the unscrupulous lawyer, Mr. Jaggers and his name further the development of Dicken's theme of the legal inequities and corruption in Victorian England.

What is the revelence of the title (Their Eyes Were Watching God) to the hurricanes or to the man made conflicts mentioned in Chapters 18 & 19Any...

The title of the novel becomes important in Chapters 18 and 19 just before the full fury of the hurricane and again after it is over.

However, the set-up for these passages occurs in Chapter 16:

It was inevitable that she should accept any inconsistency and cruelty from her deity as all good worshippers do from theirs. All gods who receive homage are cruel. All gods dispense suffering without reason. Otherwise they would not be worshipped. Through indiscriminate suffering men know fear and fear is the most divine emotion. It is the stones for altars and the beginning of wisdom. Half gods are worshipped in wine and flowers. Real gods require blood.

The fear mention in this passage comes to life in the throws of the hurricane. Just before abandoning their shack, Janie, Tea Cake and Motor Boat cower in the corner:

They huddles closer and stared at the door. They just didn't use another part of their bodies, and they didn't look at anything but the door. The time was past for asking the white folks what to look for through that door. Six eyes were questioning God.

Then, a page later:

They sat in company with the others in other shanties, their eyes straining against crude walls and their should asking if He meant to measure their puny might against His. They seemed to be staring at the dark, bit their eyes were watching God.

By Chapter 19, after the hurricane has passed, we get the following description of those that did not survive:

Some bodied fully dressed, some naked and some in all degrees of dishevelment. Some bodies with calm faces, and satisfied hands. Some dead with fighting faces and eyes flung wide open in wonder. Death had found them watching, trying to see beyond seeing.

In other words, God will find ways to test our faith and sometimes those tests will take our lives. If He did not, we would not fear Him; and if we did not fear Him, we could never become wise.

Give some examples of love and sacrifice shown between Lennie and George's in their relationship.In Steinbeck's 'Of Mice and Men.'

For Lennie, he often sacrifices what he wants to do for George's sake.  While George is not trying to be mean to Lennie by asking him to give up mice or conversation (talking to Curley's Wife), he knows that he must protect Lennie. While Lennie doesn't always obey George, he is willing (most of the time) to give up what he wants to do in order for George and him to stay together. Lennie does this because he truly cares about George.  In Chapter 1 he offers to give up his food for George--a seemingly simple offer, but during the Great Depression, it is a true sacrifice.

George consciously makes more sacrifices for Lennie than Lennie is capable of making.  He sacrifices stability because Lennie often does something which forces George and Lennie to flee. George does receive Lennie's unconditional trust and love because of his loyalty, but he must still sacrifice much in order to take care of Lennie. The end of the novel is the best example of sacrifice on George's part.  By shooting Lennie, George knows that he is saving Lennie from a cruel fate from Curley, but he also knows that he is sacrifice his sanity.  His choice is painful and conflicted, but he demonstrates his love for Lennie by doing what he thinks is best for his friend and not doing what would be easiest for himself.

If you look at George and Lennie's relationship as a parent-child relationship, you will see the true sacrifice and love on the part of both characters.  It is difficult for parents to discipline their children, but they do so in the hopes of helping their children develop into adults who are safe and effective in society. While George knows that disciplining (being stern with) Lennie will not cause him to develop any further, he hopes that he will be able to prevent Lennie from getting himself into extreme trouble.

After talking with Cherry, what reason does Pony finally give for the separation between Greasers and Socs?

Ponyboy discovers some new things about the lives of the Socs each time he talks with Cherry Valance. By the end of the story, Pony has become the top greaser authority on Socs, as his essay discloses. He actually comes to determine that people are just people--there are both good and bad greasers and Socs. But after his talk with Cherry at the drive-in, she makes several good points about the primary differences. It's not just the Socs' money that makes them different, she tells Pony.

"You greasers have a different set of values. You're more emotional. We're sophisticated--cool to the point of not feeling anything. Nothing is real for us... I don't mean half of what I'm saying.

Unlike the greasers, the Socs are caught up in a "rat race."

"We're always going and going and going, and never asking where. Did you ever hear of having more than you wanted? So that you couldn't want anything else and then started looking for something else to want? It seems like we're always searching for something else to satisfy us, and never finding it. Maybe if we could lose our cool, we could."

The differences, according to Pony (and Cherry) were that the Socs were cold, aloof and impersonal. It was the greasers' emotional view of their lives that separated them most.

What would be the theme for "This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona"?

Any number of themes are possible but one of the stronger themes in this Sherman Alexie story is that of family and tribal identity.

Victor's journey to Arizona to retrieve the remains of his deceased father is a personal journey, a family journey, and also a tribal journey. And because of this journey, he grows to know more about himself, his father, Thomas, and his tribe. Victor was always one to run from his past, to run from those elements in his life that caused him grief or uncomfort. This journey forces him to face many of the very things he has avoided all of his life. It is a coming-of-age story, certainly, but it is much more than that; it is a story of transformation of a self-absorbed individual into a reflective, more conscientious member of a family and a tribe.

In chapter 1, how does Dickens use setting to convey the mood right at the opening?"Great Expectations" by Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens uses the imagery of a bleak, unforgiving Nature in his exposition of "Great Expectations" to convey the mood of fear in Chapter 1.  The weather is described as "raw" and the graveyard a "bleak" place.  The "small bundle of shivers" is Pip himself, who is terrified by a "fearful man, all in coarse grey, with a great iron on his leg."  He is a desperate man, with broken shoes,

smothered in mud, and lamed by stones, and cut by flints, and stung by nettles, and torn by briars; who limped and shivered, and glared and growled; and whose teeth chattered in his head

as he grabs the orphan Pip.  For safety, Pip holds onto the tombstone of his parent.  In this cold, grey, desperate atmosphere Dickens introduces the main character and the convict who is later identified as Magwitch.  This motif of bleakness in the lives of the lower class is one that is prevalent in the writings of Charles Dickens.

Is there a setting described in William Faulkner's "Barn Burning"?

Written in 1939, William Faulkner's "Barn Burning" is set in a time period that is at least twenty years after the Civil War A Rhe story opens with a trial held in a make-shift courtroom in a general store in a small Southern town.  It becomes apparent that the town is in the South when judge orders Mr. Snopes to "leave this country" and Snopes follows the judge out, 

walking a little stiffly from where a Confederate provost's man's musket ball had taken him in the heel on a stolen horse thirty years ago.

That the family is named Snopes indicates that the setting is in William Faulkner's fictional county in Mississippi, Yoknapatawpha, (also part of the South) since several of his narratives include this family.

What did The Souls' refusal to practice at school on Saturday reveal about the significance of their tea ritual in View From Saturday?

The Souls refusal to practice at school on Saturday reveals that their tea ritual is very important to them - it is something that they are not willing to miss under any circumstances.

Mrs. Olinski is "surprised and disappointed" when the Souls politely tell her that they "would prefer not to" have an extra practice on Saturday afternoon.  The team had always "been willing - even eager - to practice", but she now discovers that their Saturday teas at Sillington House take precedence over even academic team commitments.  The Souls extend to Mrs. Olinski an invitation to come to Sillington House on Saturday.  She accepts, and realizes that there is something special about the afternoon teas held there.  She finds a sense of peace there, feels "something lift from her shoulders" (Chapter 8).  Ethan describes the phenomenon of the Saturday meetings best when he says, "something in Sillington House (gives him) permission to do things (he) had never done before" (Chapter 3). 

The children, and Mrs. Olinski, find renewal in their slow, civilized Saturday meetings.  At Sillington House, they can be kind to each other, and seem to gel as a team.  The children realize that they need this weekly time of renewal; it makes them better people and in fact makes them better as a team.  As it turns out, the Souls do conduct an extra practice session that Saturday at Sillington House, but it is a relaxed practice, with everyone, even Mr. Singh, contributing questions on notecards to study.  The Souls, who constantly seek a balance in all they do, recognize the importance in striking a balance between nurturing the mind and the soul, and so they are not willing to give up their weekly ritual of having tea in order to go to school for an extra academic drill session (Chapter 8).

Why doesn't Chamberlain want his brother to be in the army? Why is he bothered by having his brother serving with him in The Killer Angels?

A Maine man through and through, Colonel Joshua Chamberlain's stand at Little Round Top saved the Union army from disaster at the decisive battle of Gettysburg. With him in the 20th Maine regiment was his brother, Lieutenant Tom Chamberlain. Older brother Joshua often worried about Tom, his "mother's favorite," and how the family back home would react if either should be killed. He remembered an earlier time when Tom was lost in the woods on a cold winter night. A search for him was fruitless, with "Mother crying," but Tom survived the night and "came back himself, a grinning kid... never once afraid."

While under fire, Col. Chamberlain saw his brother "come up, whirling through smoke, saw a rip in his coat, thought: no good to have a brother here. Weakens a man." Later, the colonel attempted to point out a weak area of defense for Tom to reinforce, but he could not do it.

... not my own brother, but Tom understood, hopped across to the vacant place and plugged it with his body... a mortal exposed boy.

The next day, Col. Chamberlain regretted using his brother to "plug a hole... as if he were expendable... as you move a chess piece." On the final day, Col. Chamberlain made a mental note to "send Tom to the rear" to spare him from the final Rebel onslaught." However, Tom remained with his brother.

Even in the most heated moments, Joshua showed concern for his brother(s). As historian Geoffrey C. Ward describes:

"As Chamberlain and his two brothers, Tom and John, rode abreast together toward the hill, a Confederate shell narrowly missed them. 'Boys,' the Colonel said, 'another such shot might make it hard for Mother. Tom, go to the rear...' "

Joshua Chamberlain regretted his brother serving with him because it weakened him as a commander knowing that he might be responsible for his brother's death in battle and the repercussions it would have back home. However, his own belief in the Union cause was so strong that he was ultimately willing to risk his brother's life--the brother that was his mother's favorite and whom he loved so dearly.

In "The Cask of Amontillado" what is Fortunato's one weakness? How does Montresor use this weakness for his revenge?

The way that Montresor lures Fortunado down into the catacombs is by playing on his fondness for wine, and for thinking himself an expert in wine-tasting.  Montresor states, right at the beginning,

"He had a weak point—this Fortunato—...He prided himself on his connoisseur-ship in wine."

So, under the false pretense of having a great cask of Amontillado wine that he paid a heavy price for, he approaches Fortunado.  He tells Fortunado of the wine and that he is worried that he paid too much for it without consulting Fortunado's expertise.  Then, through careful manuvering, he gets Fortunado to insist that Montresor take him down to the tombs so that he can taste the wine and determine if it is truly a good buy.

So, Fortunado's weakness is in wine, but it is truly in the fact that he prides himself on being a wine expert.  And, Montresor plays on that self-pride.  He wonders aloud to Montresor whether he should have consulted another guy, Luchesi, on whether it is a good wine, to which Fortunado insists, "Luchesi cannot tell Amontillado from sherry," and so deems himself the only man capable of determining if the wine is authentic and quality.  Montresor is a cunning villian, in that he plays on Fortunado's vanity and pride to lure him down to his death.  I hope that helps a bit; for your other questions, I suggest submitting them one at a time, as the guidelines of this website allow for one a day.

Choose a character from "Lord of the Flies" and write an interpretation of what the element or characters communicates on the allegorical...

I don't want to do your assignment for you, but I will give you some guidance. Piggy is a character with great symbolism.  He stands for the intellect, the thinking part of people.  Piggy is always thinking things through, in fact, he often is reluctant to act because he is so busy mulling over matters. Piggy is chubby because of this slowness to action.  Piggy's glasses are also part of this intellect symbolism.  The glasses are used to start fire and the ability to make fire is generally considered what separates man from animals.  Man has the intelligence to make fire whereas animals do not.  That fire is allowed to get out of hand shows that the boys on the island let civilization, or the lack of it, get out of hand.  Piggy shows his intelligence from the beginning to the end.  At the start of the story, he suggests to Ralph that a conch shell, if blown into in the right way, will yield a loud sound.  That loud sound draws all the boys near so it becomes the tool by which the boys are gathered and it is used in meetings to allow one to speak, therefore it becomes symbolic of order and civility. Piggy is holding the conch shell in chapter 11 when Roger rolls the boulder off the top of Castle Rock onto Piggy, crushing both the conch shell and Piggy's skull simultaneously.  This crushing of Piggy and the conch signifies the end of all intellect and civility on the island.  Piggy tells Ralph that he isn't sure about the existence of the beast because it isn't logical for there to be a beast.  Piggy shows insight, too, when he tells Ralph that Jack would hurt him (Piggy) if Ralph weren't there.  Piggy's last act, in chapter 11, is to try to reason with Jack and his tribe.

In The Glass Menagerie, why can’t Tom leave his sister behind? Does he get caught by the past and memory?

In the play's moving--and ironic--conclusion, Tom (as narrator) recounts what his life had become after leaving home. He had achieved freedom without ever being free:

I traveled around a great deal. The cities swept about me like dead leaves, leaves that were brightly colored but torn away from the branches.

I would have stopped, but I was pursued by something.

What pursues Tom, as he explains it, is the memory of his sister:

Oh, Laura, Laura, I tried to leave you behind me, but I am more faithful than I intended to be!

Tom cannot escape his memories of Laura and his own guilt for leaving her. His love for her and his understanding of her fragile and vulnerable life were all that had kept him at home for as long as he had managed to stay. He was emotionally trapped at home, and he remained emotionally trapped after leaving. There is no escape for Tom; he cannot escape his own character, no matter where he runs or what he does:

I reach for a cigarette, I cross the street, I run into the movies or a bar, I buy a drink, I speak to the nearest stranger--anything that can blow your candles out!

In a further irony, after leaving home Tom still turns to the same methods of escape that he employed while living in the St. Louis apartment with Laura and Amanda. They did not work for him then, and they do not work for him in his "new" life. The past controls his present, and there is no reason to believe it will not control his future.

A graphic study of the bonded labour,atrocities against dalits and dowry deaths which are prevalent in the 21 century in India. India has been...

I think that in answering this question, there has to be some clarification offered first.  Initially, I would ask if you are able to argue if India has made advances in the realm of human rights.

If you can argue that it has, I would suggest three main points have to be made:

1)  India's role as a participant in the global economy has increased manifold since 1997- Such a role has required a greater need for labor and an increase in workforce in this time.  This would mean that you would have to find statistics to substantiate, but that is not a problem.  With its increase prominence on the economic stage, more people have found work and there has been a greater willingness to break down caste distinctions and other social stratifications.  Such a movement increases human rights.

2)  I would also argue that in its desire to be accepted by Western nations as economically viable, India has to play by the accepted and understood roles of human rights that are visible in Western nations.  I think in proving this point, you could point to how the establishment of more governmental agencies, in particular women's agencies, demonstrate this.  Further evidence would be needed to show how schooling in India is becoming more democratic in terms of increasing access to more people.  This would show some growth in advancing in human rights.

To find evidence to support either idea, I would check out national publications such as India Today or The Hindu, for South India (where Bangalore is located.)  I think this might help develop a thesis that is compelling in how India has advanced their notion of human rights.

Explain the meaning of the title, To Kill a Mockingbird. What two characters in the novel may be compared to the mockingbird? i have to find what...

The title is something that is revealed in the novel. The idea of doing harm to an innocent or helpless creature that does no harm to you is senseless and brutal.  Atticus Finch gives a BB gun to his children which is a "power" to be weilded carefully and responsibly... he cautions not to shoot at mockingbirds as they only give beautiful music.

Two persons in the novel who can be compared to the mockingbird are Tom Robinson and Arthur "Boo" Radley. Each of these individuals is an "innocent" and harmless person who is treated poorly by the community.

Tom is accused of raping Mayella Ewell by her father even though he has a crippled arm and probably was unable to inflict the damage on her neck that was caused by a left-handed person. Arthur Radley is what we would call today a "shut-in" because he is kept away from the community at large by his family. This seclusion gives people plenty of room to speculate about his character, night-time activities, etc...

Tom's sentencing at the trial is one of the climactic events of the story.  The second climactic event of the story of the amazing rescue of the Finch children by none other than "Boo" Radley.

How mother tongue can cause difficulties in acquiring English vowels and consonants?

English has 26 letters and 44 distinct sounds. English also contains dipthongs which are two vowel sounds blended together.

A toddler has 50% more synapses in his or her brain than an adult. This allows the child to build neural pathways as a response to the environment. The human brain expands by 300% from birth to adulthood.  So, language acquisition is a large part of what humans do in their childhood.  The language window is open from birth to about age 13. So, learning a new language will be easier for a child than for an adult. After that, the second language is truly a challenge, and may never be spoken as fluently as the mother tongue.

A child of Chinese parents will jabber in the rhythm and intonations of the Chinese language.  A child of Spanish speaking parents will jabber in the rhythm and intonations of the Spanish language. A child who is isolated from language will not learn to speak.  Spoken language is a response to the environment, an effort to get basic needs met, and a way to communicate with others in the group.

A bilingual child will probably be silent for a longer period of time than a monolingual child, however, when that child begins to speak, he or she will most likely speak fluently in either language.  The mother tongue is a huge influence on how we hear language and thus attempt to speak.

French has no /th/ sound, so many native French speakers use the /z/ or /d/ sound to attempt to make the /th/ sound.  English dipthongs such as How (short a---long u) or Joy (long o---long e) are somewhat challenging for speakers of other languages because in most languages, vowels are what they are and are not pronounced in blended combinations.

The best way to acquire English sounds is to listen to speakers of the language and attempt to copy the intonation and sounds of the language.

Why is Jeffrey memorable and unusual in Maniac Magee?

Pretty much everything about Jeffrey Lionel Magee is memorable and unusual.  First of all, there is the way he frees himself from ridiculous and uncomfortable living arrangements with his disfunctional Aunt and Uncle.  During a spring musicale at his school, Jeffrey just starts screaming during a song he and his class are performing onstage.  When the song is over, he continues to scream, then leaps off the stage and runs out the auditorium door, "Never again to return to the house...Never again to return to school" (Chapter 1).

After the scene during the school performance, Jeffrey disappears for a year, then reappears two undred miles away in the city of Two Mills.  No one knows what happened during that "Lost Year", but people do remember what the "scraggly little kid" does when he jogs into Two Mills - as he passes by the people, he says "Hi".  That is unusual, because "people just didn't say that to strangers, out of the blue" (Chapter 2).

Jeffrey has amazing athletic abilities.  He stops by the high school on his first day in town, and as he runs across the football field, intercepts a pass and carries it, "weaving upfield through the varsity football players".  No one can catch him, and when he gets to the end of the field, he makes a perfect punt back to the hands of the receiver who was supposed to catch the pass in the first place.  Jeffrey then runs off, leaving the players stunned (Chapter 4).

A little later that same day, Jeffrey makes an appearance at the Little League field in the park.  He nonchalantly steps up to the plate to face the legendary John McNab, who has a vicious fastball and has just struck out sixteen batters.  Even though Jeffrey is much, much smaller that McNab, he manages to his four home runs off the ace.  Angry, McNab lobs a frog up to the plate instead of the ball, and Jeffrey gently bunts it, running all the way around the bases while the fielders try vainly to retrieve the happily hopping frog (Chapter 7).

In addition to showing amazing prowess in sports, Jeffrey is also fearless.  All the neighborhood kids are terrified of Old Man Finsterwald and stay far away from his house and yard, but Jeffrey casually makes himself at home on the Finsterwald porch, stretching out and reading a book there (Chapter 5).

"Fishing again?" Billy asked "Down at the usual spot? Maybe I'll go and see him." "No," I quickly liedThis is in Chapter 17 (The Game) in...

You are right that Billy is there to warn someone about Edward and the Cullens, but they are there to warn Charlie about Bella spending time with Edward.  They did not come to warn Bella.

"He came to warn Charlie?" I guessed, more horrified than angry.

Edward just  nodded, answering Billy's gaze through the rain with narrowed eyes." (pg 349)

Bella lies to Billy about where Charlie is because she doesn't want Billy to talk to Charlie before she has a chance to talk to him.  She doesn't want Billy to "warn Charlie" about the Cullens so she is trying to keep them from talking.  If she tells Billy that she doesn't know where Charlie is or how long he will be she is hoping Billy and Jacob will leave and not wait for him.

In "Shawshank Redemption", Red talks about being an "institutional" man. What does he mean by this and how does it effect his life?he gives several...

For Red, being an "institutional" man is being able to live a life that is predicated upon routine and predictability.  We see in the work that King makes the suggestion that finding a way to life life and then repeating it day after day is the best way to endure life in prison.  It removes hope, want, freedom, and the frightening condition that goes with all of them.  There is no sense of that in a predictable existence driven by routine.  When Red speaks of being an "institutional" man, he speaks of this type of existence.  Red has been in Shawshank for over 40 years.  In that time, he has become used to the patterned form of life that he has lived.  He knows his role "as the guy who can get things, a regular Sears and Roebuck," he knows his limitations, and he has lost the desire to seek freedom.  It is not that he loves Shawshank, but rather has discovered that the best way to live out his days in prison is to become chained with the daily routine and form of life where the pain of hope and freedom are not present.  Red does not dream, does not seek to find an existence out of Shawshank because he has become a part of the institution.  Just like the bars in the prison windows, or the concrete in the prison yard have become a fixture of the institution, never going to leave and never seeking anything else, Red has become institutionalized in much the same way.

What was still troubling Brian about his parents' divorce in "Hatchet"?

Like any child his age, Brian is very hurt by his parent's decision to divorce and is having a difficult time coping. When the story opens, Brian  is on his way to visit his father in Canada. Brian realizes that this is the first of many school vacations and holidays that he will spend being shuffled back and forth between his parents.

Brian's struggle is compounded by his knowledge of his mother's infidelity. One day while out playing with a friend, Brian spies his mother kissing a man in the parking lot of a mall. We can assume that this man is his mother's lover and quite possibly the reason his parents are getting divorced.

Brian refers to his mother's infidelity as "the secret" and he thinks of it often. It consumes his thoughts and sometimes his dreams. "The secret" causes tension between Brian and his mother. Perhaps he blames her for the divorce?

What is the theme for "First Confession" by Frank O'Connor?

The central theme of the short story "First Confession" is embodied in its title: Jackie must face a rite of passage into human responsibility by learning the rite of Catholic religious confession and must act as a man and confess to his priest his shortcomings and sins. This involves not just an action and an event, it involves theological comprehension of religious and spiritual truths and the metaphysical function of comprehending how external general rules apply to one's self. This theme is supported and deepened by the sibling rivalry and the refusal of adults to see (or respond correctly to) the manipulations and mechanizations of a cruel sibling toward a milder one or weaker one. In conjunction with this O'Connor presents the theme of a loving and sympathetic relationship between mother and son, a relationship saddened by the mother's absence at the Confession event. Finally the mother-son theme is juxtaposed to the theme of the sympathetic compassion--or lack thereof--of a boy's priest and confessor, since O'Connor believed that the right sort of priest could present the greatest influence possible in the parishioners' lives, parishioners such as Jackie.

How does Tim Johnson (the dog), a wounded creature, resemble both Boo Radley and Tom Robinson?Atticus shoots a rabid dog earlier in this story and...

haha i think you mean the "rabid dog"... not rapid.

Interesting question though.

Normally the rabid dog is related to or is chosen to symbolise prejudice. And how Atticus so willingly and skillfully shoots it down. And just like prejudice, it "is just as dangerous dead as alive," whether prejudice is alive = when tom robinson loses because of prejudice. or dead = even if tom robinson wins prejudice in rumours against him will spread throughout the town. Yeah.

Back to how Tim Johson relates to boo radley. Boo ended up the way he is because of his misadventures when he was a teenager. He did not know at that time the consequences of his actions would be so big. The rabid dog too probably didnt knowingly get his rabies. As a result, Boo Radley is forced out of the society by his dad for those misadventures as tim johnson is for getting infected with rabies.

Both are also feared by the society. Boo Radley is seen as a "molevolent phantom", while the dog is seen as rabid. We see this fear when we see that the doors of the neighbourhoods lock up as the dog approaches, and "the trees were still, the mockingbirds were silent, the carpenters at Miss Maudie's house had vanished." The fear of Boo is too shown by the actions of the society, for example "A Negro would not pass the Radley Place at night, he would cut across to the sidewalk opposite and whistle as he walked." and "A baseball hit into the radley yard was a lost ball and no questions asked" - children are so scared of the molevolent phantom that they don't even dare ask for their ball back - "from  the Radley chicken-yard tall pecan trees shook their fruits into the school yard, but the nuts lay untouched by the children".

What else??

maybe you could also say that tim johnson could think straight because of his disease, just like the maycomb people who cant think staright cos of prejudice.

and...

both of the characters are victims of rumours that are not true.

(quotes available in book)

:D

What are some examples of thesis statements that can effectively carry through the theme, appearance versus reality?My main arguement is that...

Remember that a thesis should argue something specific about the text. Contrast, conflict, irony, and theme are broad, non-specific terms that you might consider narrowing. Try and think of how Austen uses instances of appearance versus reality. Some examples of this in the text are as follows:

1. George Wickham's appearance of goodness. Elizabeth even remarks to Jane, after finding out the truth about Wickham's nature, that between Darcy and Wickham, one has only the appearance of goodness, while the other one actually possesses it. Wickham convinces many other characters in the novel of his true and earnest nature only to later betray them.

2. Fitzwilliam Darcy's appearance of selfish arrogance. This is a much more complex example because Darcy is nearly as arrogant as he seems in the beginning of the novel. He learns that while he has always had good morals and intentions, he has not always acted upon them as he should. However, even though he appears to disdain Elizabeth Bennet, he is secretly falling in love with her for the first half of the novel.

3. For a slant on class issues, Lady Catherine would make a fine example. She is titled nobility, which connotes a certain refinement and sophistication, but in truth she is silly, weak, and vain.

Try and think about what these examples mean in the text. What is being communicated through all these characters who appear one way but are truly made of something different? If you can offer an interpretation of why you think this opposition is here in the text you will have a much stronger thesis. Remember, a thesis should present a narrowed argument that addresses a specific point in the text, and it should not state the obvious. You'll be better off pinpointing what you think the theme means.

Where can I find Nissim Ezekiel's poem "Enterprise"?

You can read excerpts from the poem and analysis of it in the book Studies in Indian Poetry in English, edited by U.S. Rukhaiyar and Amar Nath Prasad. The chapter in which this poem is analyzed are online at books.google.com. Another book in which the poem appears, and that is also available at books.google.com, is The Poetry of Nissim Ezekiel; however, as in the previous book, the poem is excerpted rather than printed in full.

Because the poem is still protected by copyright laws, it is unlikely that you are going to find the complete text anywhere online. Your best option is to purchase a copy of Nissim's book Collected Poems.

Solve for b: -86 x b = 43

-86 x b = 43

In this equation, we have to try to get " b " alone. In order to do that divide by -83 on both sides.

By dividing by -83 on both sides your equation should be

b = -43/86 simplify this fraction

By simplifying your fraction would be

b = 1/2 which is your answer

Describe one of the novel's central dream symbols and what it means?I think it may be the one with Winston's mother and sister, but I'm not so sure...

It very much has to do with Winston's mother and sister, but not directly so.  Instead, the image of his mother and sister in the saloon of a sinking ship represents a death of the past and the family structure, which has been destroyed by Big Brother and the government's anti-family policies.  I would argue that another important link to the past as well as to nature is Winston's vision of "Golden Country."  This represents a return to nature and is in direct contrast to the gray, smoky surroundings that we encounter when in the city.  The city has been corrupted and distorted by Big Brother, but this return to nature in Winston's head is an escape to times past prior to the regime of Big Brother.

In chapter 18 of Into the Wild, how does the Doctor Zhivago quote foreshadow Chris's writings and actions?

The quote from Doctor Zhivago that opens Chapter 18 was highlighted by Chris and is relevant on a number of levels. First and most importantly, it spoke to Chris's need to spend time alone to discover a personal faith and spiritual awakening; although this can be accomplished in many ways, Chris viewed isolation as his personal method. It also mentions "life as sacrifice," an ideal that Chris shared with Tolstoy and Thoreau, among others. Finally, it also speaks to Chris's goal after achieving his personal growth:

To begin with, love of one's neighbor, which is the supreme form of vital energy. Once it fills the heart of man it has to overflow and spend itself.
(Krakauer, Into the Wild, from Doctor Zhivago: Amazon.com)

The bolded line above was underlined by Chris; it can be assumed that he felt his connection with society and others was dependent on his own personal growth, and once he learned to "love one's neighbor" he could find it possible to return to civilization and "spend" his love. This reading is echoed later in the chapter by Chris when he wrote: "HAPPINESS IS ONLY REAL WHEN SHARED [sic]." This seems to be in opposition to his normal ideals, and Krakauer wonders if this was the epiphany that Chris had been searching for all along. If so, his decision to return to society was likely directly related to his epiphanies.

Is Winston's politics of revolution right? Can revolution succeed from within?

If by right you mean the correct thing to do, then it probably is, except that it is doomed from the beginning.  How could a revolution succeed if you never know who is part of the revolution.  His revolution is a sort of triumph of the human spirit, but that spirit is no easily crushed by the use of power which is not a tool but which is an end in itself, is disheartening.

In the face of power that is devoid of conscience, it's hard to know if revolution can ever succeed.  Orwell's other famous novel, "Animal Farm" presents you with a revolution that starts from within and ends, not with a utopia for all, but with the same state as the original with new oppressors (the pigs) taking over for Mr. Jones.  The implication is that changing the system through any means will just replace one tyrant with another.  A look at the history of revolutions in 1848 in Europe and their sad ending may help substantiate this.  The reign of Joseph Stain in Russia shows us how power can crush revolution.  It is rumored that he was responsible for the death of over 20 million of his own people, not to mention those he shipped out to the Guilag for even the suspicion of "revolutionary" behavior.

Not that either of these couldn't happen ... they just seem very unlikely.

Point out the basic irony and small ironies mentioned in "Once Upon a Time".How is the the first and the 2nd part of the story connected to each...

The basic irony presented in "Once Upon a Time" is that the author herself does not believe in having to write a fairly tale.  Gordimer opens her story with a statement against having to write a fairly tale, yet ends up doing so.  The creates a natural irony between what Gordimer says she is going to do and what she actually does.  An event on a smaller level of irony is that she is woken up by some strange noises at night and in order to go back to sleep, she composes a short story that is anything but relaxing and actually would cause more worry and consternation than the ability to resume sleep and relaxation.  Finally, an irony in the frame story is that Gordimer wakes up, she thinks of the most dreadful things that could awaken her in terms of burglars, outside threats, and the looming crimes from the exterior world.  Essentially, she allows her fears to run unrestrained causing the most dreadful of thoughts to emerge.  Yet, she possesses the capacity to rationally sort out these events and discovers that the cause of the sounds she hears are the floor boards creak because her hardwood floors are old and makes sounds.  This is ironic because the same capacity for rationality and examination of her fears is exactly what the family in the story needs and so desperately lacks as their fears run completely astray in their attitudes towards the outside world.  What the author demonstrates, her characters lack.  This is ironic to a certain extent because writers usually compose characters that possess qualities that the authors lack, and in this story, it is the other way around.

In "Brave New World," can John be compared to someone who is unable to orientate himself because his ideas are incompatible with reality?

That John is an anachronism in the New World is clear.  However, he cannot orientate himself to the world of Lenina and the others because their world is a false world.

The character of John the savage in "Brave New World" acts as a foil to the other characters who lack what makes people truly human.  True, his concept of love between a man and woman is certainly idealized from his reading of Shakespeare; yet his love for his mother is of the genuine kind.  His human grief when Linda dies is in sharp contrast to the reactions of the Delta children, pointing to the hideous dehumanization of the creatures of the New World. 

It is the inhabitants of the New World who are incompatible with reality, not John.  For, although he at first has been enthralled by Lenina's beauty and the surroundings which cause him in awe to remark, " How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world!" at the hospital where Linda dies

He halted and, with bewildered and horrified eyes, stared round him at the khaki mob, in the midst of which, overtopping it by a full head, he stood, 'How many goodly creature are there here!' The singing words mocked him derisively, 'How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world...'

The character of John is clearly the vehicle of satire for Orwell, a character who, as a foil, points to the dysutopian characteristics of the New World created to eliminate wars and disastifaction.

Sadly, John's character is not unlike people who have values and find themselves in an environment in which these values have been villified.  They, then, are incompatible only because the world into which they have been placed is false, the "reality" an unreality, in fact.

In Book XII, what might the three trials Odysseus faces represent?

In this Book, Odysseus and his crew face three daunting trials:  the lure of the Sirens, the horrible Scylla and Charybdis, and the dilemma over the cattle of the sun.  The symbolism, meaning, and relevance of these three trials have been debated for centuries; they certainly can represent several things, but, broadly, they can be held to represent the dangers to civilized man from women, (who were considered in those days closer to nature and potential sources of chaos), supernatural monsters (which can be seen now as monsters of the unconscious mind, or as natural disasters), and impiety.  As I've said, there are many interpretations of these events, but these meanings come up often in critical discussion of the Odyssey.

Odysseus and his crew begin this book by performing a civilized funeral for Elpenor.  This shows that they are still within the realms of order and civilization as they know it.  Even Circe, their sometime enchantress and a supernatural force, appears in the role a mortal woman would play in Odysseus' world; she brings meat, bread, and wine to the men down at the shore, so that they may feast.  At this point in the story, even though Odysseus and his men have braved Hades and, as Circe says, "have died twice, to other people's once", they have returned to the normal state of things, with proper rituals and gender roles restored.  Circe will give Odysseus directions, and it seems like the crew will reach home within the realm of normalcy.  Circe, who is a goddess and knows such things, even warns Odysseus about some of the dangers that lie on his way home.

When Odysseus is strapped to the mast and hears the Sirens, he is like any other man and greatly desires to be released and go to hear their song; even though he knows well that it will mean his death.  This can be thought to represent the dominance of men over women in the Bronze Age Greek culture (which may have overthrown an earlier matriarchal regime), which the men of Odysseus time would have thought a civilizing influence.  Men must stick together, the moral of this episode could be read, to keep order and dominance over women.  It could also be address men's darker natures (for self-destruction, addiction, violence, and other destructive tendencies) and show how the cooperation of a group can keep individuals from harm.

The story of the Scylla and Charybdis is a classical dilemma between the needs of the many and the few.  That it involves supernatural monsters shows that many people at this time still believed in and feared them; but the psychological and sociological truth is that Odysseus must sacrifice the few to save the many.  It is a dilemma every leader must face at some time or another, and Odysseus believes that he acted rightly by sacrificing the six men to Scylla rather than everyone to Charybdis, though he feels real and very human guilt.

The episode on the island of the sun can be another lesson in group dynamics.  The men all knew the danger of the impiety of killing the sun-god's cattle, but starvation forced them into an impious act.  Odysseus could not stop them, and this is a lesson to leaders about leading in extremity; nothing can stop starving people from taking ready food.  This may be a holdover warning against cannibalism (from the Greeks' distant past) but it is also a lesson about the cruelty of the gods, and the importance of piety even in the worst situations.

In "The Road Not Taken," why does the speaker use the word "black" in his description?

The word "black" appears in the poem's third stanza in Frost's description of the two paths the narrator encounters:

And both that morning equally lay

In leaves no step had trodden black.

In terms of imagery, "black" suggests what the colorful leaves would have looked like had they been walked upon and ground into the probably moist soil. This reference provides a visual contrast with the scene the narrator does experience.

A thematic connotation also can be inferred from the passage. Both roads are covered in fallen leaves that are undisturbed by other travellers; regardless of which road the traveller takes, he will be the first to tread upon these particular leaves, creating a path of his own, perhaps for others to follow. Once he walks upon the leaves, he will leave behind evidence that he was here and made a journey of his own.

What is Cassius's determination/motivation for assassinating Julius Caesar? In class, we are doing a Julius Caesar treason trial to determine...

Do not overlook one of the strongest and most insidious of motivators in human nature:  ENVY.  Caesar himself senses this dangerous quality of Cassius as he and Marc Antony and the "train" enter the streets of Rome:

Let me have men about me that are fat,/Sleek-headed men, and such as sleep a-nights,/Yond cassius has a lean and hungry look;/He thinks too much:  such men are dangerous....Ge us a great observer, and he looks/Quite through the deeds [sees through their motives]of men....Seldom he smiles, and smiles in such a sort/As if he mocked himself, and scorned his spirit/That could be moved to smile at anything./Such men as he be never at heart's ease/Whiles they behold a greater than themselves,/And therefore are they very dangerous. (I,ii,192-210)

That Cassius is envious of Caesar's power is evident in his words.  He speaks to Brutus of being ignored by him, showing his desire for attention and affection:

Brutus, I do observe you now of late;/I have not from your eyes that gentleness/And show of love as I was wont to have....(I,ii,32-34)

In what is known as "the seduction scene" of Brutus by Cassius, Cassius offers no concrete evidence of Caesar's tyranny or ambitions except for describing Caesar as a Colossus, but even in this description, the envious nature of Cassius is evidenced in such words as "we petty men."

Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world/Like a Colossus, and we petty men/Walk under his huge legs and peep about/To find ourselves dishonorable graves (I,ii,135-137)

Cassius tells Brutus how he, who "was born free as Caesar" I,ii,97) had to save Caesar, who became weak, from drowning; yet, this same Caesar

Is now become a god, and Cassius is/A wretched creature, and must bend his body/If Caesar carelessly but nod on him. (I,ii,116-117)

In his envy of Caesar's power, Cassius manipulates his brother-in-law, "seduces" him by means of flattery and an appeal to Brutus's sense of honor and republican ideals because he knows that the Romans respect Brutus who will be more able to effect a change of power. In his famous remark to Brutus, he all but says "why not me?":

Men at some time are masters of their fates:/The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars,/But in ourselves, that we are underlings./Brutus (and me!) and Caesar: what should be in that "Caesar"? (I,ii,139-141)

(When you have Cassius in court, you could question him about his words:  Isn't it true, Cassius, that on ----you said, ----?  Did you not remark to Brutus that -------?  Make Brutus testify, too, if you can in order to have Brutus verify what Cassius has said.)

Will acrylics irritate the skin or cause any problems? I am using Acrylic White Plastic and wanting to cut it down into small pieces to use as...

You need to check further with the manufacturer to be sure. There are problems for some people with certain types of acrylic, but it sounds as if it usually happens when it is in powder form, or in situations in which it is held in contact with the body for long periods of time--specifically, acrylic fingernails. From what I can learn, some types of acrylics are more likely to cause reactions than others. If there is a manufacturer listed on the product you are using, you could try contacting them for acceptable uses for that type of acrylic.

What is Juliet's tragic flaw? Why is it considered fate that Romeo and Juliet commited suicide?please help!!

juliet is capulet ,dutiful child ,docile.she is shy,loyal from the begining of the play.she shows her obedience to her parents.on the other hand she falls in love with romeo and she vows love for him.her tragic flaw is the fluctuation between her love to her family on hand ,on the other hand the love to romeo.she should have decided from the begining of the play either marrying romeo or follow her family by marrying her cousin paris.instead of restoring the love between the two families ,they widened the gap since romeo murdered her cousin paris due to the murder  of his friend mercutio .her tragic flaw leads to the their tragic death at the end of the play.

the role of imagination has been mentioned at the begining of the play.since romeo a dreamer it could be that he sees his fate by imagination.so  they commit suicide by fulfuling the willing of the god.

What is the importance of Richard III to Shakespeare's portrayal of him in Richard III?

Though Richard III is one of Shakespeare's most well-known history plays, the history of Richard III's reign, as well as the depiction of his character plays a very pointed role in the Bard's depiction.  Writing in a period when Elizabeth I, the granddaughter of the Earl of Richmond (later Henry VII), ruled England, it was not particularly intelligent for writers to depict political affairs and those in opposition to the current royal line favorably.  Such is the case in Richard III. 

In the play, Richard III is depicted as physically deformed, which only serves to accentuate what could only be termed his moral depravity and Machiavellian political outlook.  Characters' deformities often reflected their inner nature.  Richard III, as Shakespeare portrays him, certainly falls into this category.  He is depicted as a character who, though he is fifth in line for the throne, will stop at nothing to achieve - not even murdering (or having others murder) the other heirs to the throne.  Two of these heirs are the young sons of the Duke of Clarence (Edward and Richard, 13 and 10 respectively).  Though it was a matter of debate in Shakespeare's own time, he leaves nothing for the reader to doubt in his depiction of the course of events.  Richard clearly orders the deaths of the two children.  This depiction certainly elevated the legitimacy of the Tudor line, whose founder, the Earl of Richmond, righteously kills Richard at Bosworth Field in 1485.  In doing so, he killed the usurper and has placed himself as the rightful ruler of England (having married the older sister of the two young princes).

While this is the way that Shakespeare portrays the much maligned ruler, the historical record yields some different interpretations of the events.  Most importantly, the nature of politics in Richard's time demanded a large degree of ruthless behavior.  In many ways, not showing such ambition was a sign of weakness that could result in a very swift demise.  In addition, less than two hundred years after Shakespeare's play, writers had already started to set the record straight.  First of all, Richard was not a hunchback.  By many accounts, he was a reasonably effective ruler (much more just than his literary counterpart depicts him to be).  In addition, the Earl of Richmond's character, rather than being the savior of England as he is in the play, actually tended to behave more ruthlessly than even Richard.

The overall importance of Richard's depiction in Richard III is that it shows the impact history cand, and often does have on literary endeavors.

What comparison does Scout use to describe her relationship with Aunt Alexandra in "To Kill a Mockingbird"?

Scout compares Alexandra to Mount Everest:  "She was cold and there."  Scout finds Alexandra to be "cold" because she rarely expresses any feeling or emotion except perhaps disapproval, which is almost always directed at Scout's clothing, or behavior, or some combination of the two. Scout finds Alexandra to be "there" because she is Atticus's sister, thus a part of the family, and an inevitable part of Scout's life.

Scout also had a unique assessment of Alexandra's general appearance, commenting that the clothes Alexandra chose "managed to suggest that Aunt Alexandra's was once an hour-glass figure.  From any angle, it was formidable."

What aspects of The Count of Monte Cristo make it an adventure story?A detailed answer please of Alexander Dumas's novel.

Beginning with the arrival of a merchant ship that has been at sea for a year, "The Count of Monte Cristo" by Alexandre Dumas has much of its plot that contains adventure.  When the young first mate, Edmund Dantes, disembarks, he is the bearer of the sad news to the ship's owner, Monsieur Morrel, that the ship's captain has died.  Interestingly, Dantes also tells Morrel in his response to the owner's questions about Danglar, the purser, that he asked Danglar's to stop on the isle of Monte Cristo in order to settle a dispute with him, but Danglars refused.

This Isle of Monte Cristo later becomes a pivotal part of the tale of adventure since it is the site of the buried treasure that the Abbe has bequeathed to Dantes.  With the Abbe, Dantes has dug a tunnel for their escape; however, the aged priest dies before its completion.  In a daring attempt at freedom, Dantes switches places with the corpse of his dear friend, and is thrown into the sea.  Fortunately, Dantes can hold his breath long enough to cut through the bag in which he has been "buried," and swims until an Italian pirate ship rescues him.  Then, deceiving the other sailors, Dantes remains at the Isle of Monte Cristo. After finding the treasure, Dantes has the fortune that he needs in order to pursue his plan of revenge upon the treacherous men whose nefarious plot sent him to the miserable prison in the Chateau d'If for fourteen years.

The next part of the novel develops the adventures of Dantes as he travels the world and studies in the East, gleaning what he can to use against his mortal enemies.  Finally, returning to France, Dantes, posing as the Count of Monte Cristo effects his plans, slowly and cleverly.  While doing so, Monte Cristo encounters his lost love and resurrects his conscience as well as he secretly aids his old friends, the Morrels, who have fallen upon hard times since M. Morrel has lost his merchant ships to storms, etc. and with them his fortune.

In the end, Edmund Dantes exacts his revenge, but he again finds friendship and love and learns the wisdom contained in the words "Wait and hope!"  Certainly, then, "The Count of Monte Cristo" is an adventure novel, a part of the Romantic Movement in France.

In Lord of the Flies, how does Simon's death symbolize the death of truth?

Simon has clear insight into the events on the island. He basically sees into each boy's heart.  He sees Jack's motivations and Ralph and Piggy's fears.  Most importantly, he understands why the boys' society is disintegrating.  At the assembly when the boys are discussing the nature of the "beastie", he is the one who recognizes that the beast may not really exist, and he instead offers another possibilty; "maybe its just us."  The boys dismiss Simon's observations because acknowledging their truth would mean that they have to take responsibility for the events that are happening (and which are spinning out of control).

Just before Simon is killed, he finds something of vital importance.  In the chapter "Beast from the Air," a dead paratrooper lands on the island on the top of the mountain.  Sam and Eric have seen this dead body moving in the wind, assumed it was a monster, and fled to the beach.  Simon ventures to the top of the mountain alone, and he alone realizes that this thing the boys fear - "the beastie" - is really just a man.  He returns to the encampment eager to tell the boys that they have nothing to fear, that the "beastie" of their nightmares is nothing more than a harmless corpse.  However, and this is the part where his death symbolizes the death of truth, when he gets to the beach the boys are in a afraid and in a frenzy.  They see Simon, misidentify him as the beast, and kill him before he can relay the important information he has discovered.  After Simon's death, the wind blows, inflates the parachute, and the dead paratrooper is wafted out to sea and off of the island.  Thus the boys will never have the opportunity to see what Simon discovered - the truth.

After Simon dies, taking the truth with him, fear takes over on the island.  The tribe breaks apart, Jack begins ruling by fear and force, and Piggy is killed.

Can you give me 2 points and proofs about how suicide is an important theme in Shakespeare's Hamlet?Can you discuss how the play treats the idea...

Suicide is an incredibly important theme in Hamlet, especially in regards to the character of Ophelia in addition to the main character of the play. 

Although the title of the play does not bear her name, Ophelia's importance cannot be denied when speaking of the aesthetics of suicide within Hamlet.  Scholars go back and forth about whether Hamlet's true flaw was inaction, but the irony here is that Hamlet contemplates suicide while Ophelia actually commits suicide, proving her to be the stronger character.  The key to Ophelia's suicidal beauty can be found within Gertrude's speech at the funeral:

Therewith fantastic garlands did she make / Of crowflowers, nettles, daisies, and long purples, / . . . / When down her weedy trophies and herself / Fell in the weeping brook.  Her clothes spread wide, / And mermaidlike awhile they bore her up / . . . / Till that her garments, heavy with their drink, / Pulled the poor wretch from her melodious lay / To muddy death. (4.7.168-183)

Of course, this scene is incredibly well done in may versions of Hamlet, my favorite being the Mel Gibson version.  In any case, there is no doubt of the beauty surrounding Ophelia's death, . . . as well as the beauty that surrounds her tenacity in this dreadful endeavor.

However, one cannot speak of suicide within Hamlet without mentioning the most famous speech in the English language.  Therefore, one must approach the character of Hamlet now and explore the moral and religious aspect of suicide from Hamlet's point of view.  Hamlet tells us he is contemplating suicide within the first line of the speech:  "To be, or not to be: that is the question" (3.1.56).  However, the key to the moral quandary can be found within the next few lines:

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them. (3.1.57-60)

To approach the moral aspect of the question, Hamlet muses about what is "noble."  How interesting.  Be fortune's fool and live out your life in misery or win the fight by killing yourself.  How very full of optimism.  I have always felt that Hamlet's moral decision was that it was more noble to commit suicide (thus the irony in regards to Ophelia's death), but the point can be argued either way. 

Now, one must admit that there are quite a few of Hamlet's rants in this speech that we can skip.  However, it isn't long before Hamlet approaches the religious aspect of death:

To sleep--perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub, / For in that sleep of death what dreams maycome / When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, / Must give us pause.  (3.1.65-68)

An entire movie (based on what might happen to a soul after suicide) was based on four simple words:  "what dreams may come."  Hamlet approaches the afterlife here, although he does not mention it as heaven or hell per se.  Still, the thought of hell is enough to make him "pause."  Hamlet confirms his worry when he speaks of the following:

The dread of something after death / The undiscovered country, from whose bourn / No traveler returns. (3.1.78-80)

Suicide (or more appropriately the "dream" that comes after suicide) is simply fear of the unknown.  It is this fear that makes Hamlet stop short of ending his own life, . . . as Ophelia metaphorically completes his thought.

In "Games at Twilight" do you think that Ravi's "sense of insignificance" at the end of the story will remain strong?

Children are amazingly resilient, and tend to bounce back from situations pretty quickly.  Anita Desai did a good job of capturing the despair that Ravi felt; such dramatic tragedy felt by the small child captures the intensity of those childhood emotions where it feels like the entire world is crumbling around you.  Even though that moment that Ravi felt left out, and "crushed" by his own "sense of insignificance" was truly horrible for him, I believe that he will recover. As soon as one of the other children notices him, and says hello, or asks him to join in, he will be over it.  However, your question asks if that lesson, that he isn't as important as he thought he was, will remain strong.  I don't know if that lesson will remain strong , but I definitely think that he will remember it.  How else do we grow up, but through life teaching us valuable lessons about ourselves and our place in the world?  This lesson is one that Ravi will keep in the back of his mind, and add it to his overall knowledge about himself, which will in turn aid in his maturity.  Slowly, children lose their naivety and innocence, through experiences just like this one.  So, even though it might not "remain strong" with him, it will stay with him, and add to the other experiences that will eventually turn him from a child into an adult.

I hope that those thoughts help to you get you thinking.  Good luck!

What doesn't professor Herbert understand about hill boys?"Split Cherry Tree" by Jesse Stuart

In Jesse Stuart's "Spilit Cherry Tree," Dave reflects that Professor Herbert, "who had never lived in the hills,"

didn't know the way the hill boys had to work so that they could go to school.

Moreover, Professor Herbert does not understand Dave's culture at all.  For, he does not realize that Dave's father will be insulted by Dave's punishment of having to work for the dollar to pay for the broken tree when the other boys have the money already. He does not understand that Dave's father will retaliate against him.  And, he does not understand that Dave will also be punished at home for arriving late.

Pa, too, does not understand Professor Herbert, taking umbrage that his son is singled out to sweep the floors:

I'll straighten this thing out myself!  I'll take keer o' Professor Herbert myself!  He ain't got no right to keep you in and let the other boys off just because they've got th' money!  I'm a poor man.  A bullet will go in a professor same as it will any man...I'll take a different kind of lesson down there and make'im acquainted with it....A bullet will make a hole in a schoolteacher same as it will anybody else.  He can't do me that way and get by with it.

Of course, when Pa goes to school with Dave, the Professor is taken aback at the sight of the shotgun.  But, he gives Pa a tour of the science department and Pa, who is not stupid, realizes that learning has changed.  He tells  the teacher that he now understands:  "Seein' is believin'."  Having demonstrated the capacity to learn and change, Pa tells Dave that Professor Herbert is a good man and takes up the broom to help Dave work off his debt for the tree. Now, too, he treats Dave with respect as he understands that his son is a young man with responsibiities outside the home.

(Interestingly, this story was generated from an incident that Jesse Stuart heard about when he was a principal at a rural Kentucky school.)

In what way did the Great Depression contibute to the war efforts for World War II?

It's an indirect relationship, as the Depression did not force us into war, and in fact, during most of the 1930s made us more isolationist.  But as war in Europe heated up in the latter part of the decade, it became clear that the Allies, Britain and France, could not stand on their own.

FDR knew he had to get us in the war as soon as possible, but politically it might have gotten him defeated in the 1940 election, so he had to be careful.  The Great Depression let him hide behind the idea of "job creation" when he passed the first peacetime draft.  He also passed Cash and Carry and Lend-Lease programs so that America could sell war material to its friends while providing even more jobs to Americans.  So if the Depression had any affect on the war effort, it was the fact that it led us down the path towards war and war production.

How sociology helps in education?

By attempting to analyse individual and social needs, it helps in planning and formulating theories and policies for the greater good. Sociology focuses on the impact of religion, culture, race, language, and education on the individual as well as the society. It also seeks to explain various issues such as war, ethnic diversity, racial conflicts, mob behaviour, gender discrimination etc. The objective analysis of such issues can help in suggesting ways to resolve the same.Those working in the field of social work, education, government, community welfare can greatly benefit by a degree in Sociology. Since these professionals have to deal with individuals and groups, a degree in Sociology helps them in understanding their target groups. Even in the field of social research, understanding of Sociology helps in devising questionnaire, collecting data, and formulating plans based on the information collected.

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In "The Story of an Hour," why does Chopin describe Mrs. Mallard as "a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams"?

When Chopin introduces Mrs. Mallard in the story, the protagonist is overwrought with emotion upon hearing of her husband's death.  She sobs uncontrollably in her sister's arms and then retreats to her room.  As she stares out the window at the gorgeous spring day, she,

"[sits] with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob [comes] up into her throat and [shakes] her . . ."

Most readers have witnessed a child who has thrown a temper tantrum or who has gone to sleep after tiring itself from sobbing.  This is the image Chopin creates.  At this point in the story, the reader would most likely interpret the image as a portrayal of Mrs. Mallard's extreme grief.  She is so spent with emotion, that she cannot move from the chair or think of anything else.  It seems that she, like many humans, suspends reality in the hopes that she will wake up to find that reality was only a nightmare.

However, Chopin's surprise ending should encourage readers to rethink this scene.  When Mrs. Mallard hears of her husband's death and illustrates the normal reaction to the death of a loved one, she then begins to think of how her life will be different in a good way.  She is as a child who is about to begin life anew, and instead of waking up and still being in a nightmare, she "wakes" up to reality and begins to realize all the positives that await her.