What motivation, or cause, drives Timothy to lose his temper when Phillip falls overboard in The Cay? Timothy loses his temper when Phillip falls...

Timothy loses his temper because Phillip has put both himself and Timothy in grave danger by falling overboard.  Fear is a strong motivating factor behind his strong emotion.  The two are drifting on a raft in shark-infested waters, and, as Timothy says, "Mahn die quick out dere" (Chapter 6).

Timothy had previously warned Phillip specifically about the danger posed by the sharks.  Unable to see what was around him, Phillip had ventured to crawl over to the edge of the raft "to touch the warm water".  Timothy had remained right behind him, saying, "Careful, young Bahss.  D'sharks always hungry, always waitin' for d'mahn to fall ovahboard".  In answer to Phillip's question as to if there were many sharks in the water, Timothy had replied, "Yes, many 'ere.  But long as we 'ave our raff, they do not meliss us" (Chapter 5).

When Timothy shouts the next day that he sees an island, Phillip, "in wild excitement...stumble(s) up (from the raft) and (falls) overboard".  He falls under the water, and feels something slap against his leg, but does not know what it is.  He is treading water when he hears "Timothy's frightened roar, 'Sharks'", and feels the old man thrashing about near him.  Timothy grabs Phillip by the hair and, swimming with one arm, drags him back to the safety of the raft, after which he himself is left "splashing and cursing" among the sharks.  Somehow, Timothy manages to pull himself on board as well, and, understandably, he is in a rage, roaring, "Shark all 'round us, all d'time...on dis raff, you crawl, young bahss...you 'ear me?"  Phillip's carelessness very nearly had gotten them both killed, and Timothy is justifiably infuriated.  After "several deep breaths", however, he calms down, and explains his anger with the simple explanation, "Mahn die quick out dere" (Chapter 6).

In "The Fountainhead," what does Ayn Rand show regarding society's ultimate response to the great work of a creative genius?What's the nature of...

Ayn Rand placed extreme importance on the power of man's mind, on the genius of the logical mind and self as the main source of fulfillment, success, progress and comfort that exists in enlightened societies today.  In "The Fountainhead," Roark is the posterchild of the "perfect mind," of the fulfilled and independent human being.  He is what she felt all people should be:  proud, refusing to submit to or care about what others feel about you, refusing to compromise the genius and integrity of your mind for other people's moral code, and focused on sheer, efficient, intelligent productivity.

Roark's genius is met as much genius is--with a bit of hesitancy, looking about to gauge other people's reactions before responding, suspicion, mistrust, and a total lack of understanding or respect for the genius that is before them.  All of Roark's structures are the perfect combination of beauty, efficiency, and purpose; however, people are so stuck in what they were "used to", what was "normal" and what society had trained them to regard as acceptable.  This "normalcy" is the stream--most people follow it, because that's just the path they've always followed.  Anything new or brilliant often threatens people's sense of security or what is known.  So, Roark's structures are rejected by most people who don't take the time to understand the genius of it.  However, the people who live in his buildings, and experience first-hand the ease and comforts of living there, begin to understand Roark's genius.  A few other individuals, "sudden springs" of people, appreciate fully his amazing talent.  So, for the most part, people are the underground spring, going along, and refusing to diverge from their accepted path that has been there for ages.  But a few people dare to appreciate Roark, and dare to employ him as a result.  Those sudden springs come from society, but are rare.

So, society's ultimate reaction to genius is rejection and dismissal; however, those who are educated and in tune, or who experience his genius first-hand, are loyal, stunned, amazed and duly appreciative.

I hope that those thoughts help; good luck!

How does Henry react during his first battle in Red Badge of Courage, and what is the outcome of the battle?

Henry had long feared how he would behave under battle conditions.   He had wanted to act bravely and heroically, but was afraid that when the time came, he might shame himself by running away.  As it turns out, Henry discovers that he has very little influence over his own actions when he is finally tested on the field of battle.  When the enemy threatens, his actions become automatic; it is as if he becomes a part of a machine.

Immediately before the violent encounter with the opposing army, Henry is started by the thought that his weapon might not be loaded.  He tries "to rally his faltering intellect...but he (can)not".  At the instant of engagement, he finds himself reacting mechanically,

"...before he (has) announced to himself that he (is) about to fight - he (throws) the obedient, well-balanced rifle into position and fire(s) a first wild shot.  Directly he (is) working at his weapon like an automatic affair...he suddenly (loses) concern for himself, and for(gets) to look at a menacing fate.  He be(comes) not a man but a member".

Henry is

"welded into a common personality", a part of a "subtle battle brotherhood more potent even than the cause for which they (are) fighting.  It (is) a mysterious fragernity born of the smoke and danger of death".

Under battle conditions, Henry finds that choice is not really a factor.  He acts without thinking, ruled by instinct, following the actions of everyone else like a dumb beast (Chapter 4-5).

The outcome of the battle is positive for Henry's side.  The enemy charge is repulsed; in the midst of all the chaos, somehow Henry's army has managed to hold the opposing forces back (Chapter 5).

In Chapter 1 of Great Expectations, how does Dickens contrast the convict and Pip?

The contrast between Pip and the convict in Chapter 1 could not be more pronounced.  The author, Dickens, presents Pip as a "small bundle of shivers growing afraid...and beginning to cry", helpless, frightened, and innocent.  The convict, in contrast, is "a fearful man" who "glare(s) and growl(s)"; he is rough, malevolent, and threatening.  When Pip first encounters the convict, the man immediately establishes his physical dominance over the boy, "seiz(ing) (him) by the chin", then turning him upside down to empty his pockets.  Pip first begs the convict not to cut his throat, then helplessly submits as the convict turns him over and tosses him around and about, hoping that "wittles" or perhaps money will be spilled from his pockets.

Dickens portrays the convict as almost bestial, and Pip as a small and helpless prey.  Pip is "undersized, for (his) years, and not strong", and the convict entertains the possiblity of eating his "fat cheeks", and having his "heart and liver out".  The convict holds the power of life and death over the young boy, and emphasizes this fact by taking him "by both arms, and tilt(ing) (him) back as far as he could hold (him)", as his eyes look menacingly down at him.  Pip is "dreadfully frightened", and "giddy" from being thrown around so, and has no choice but to cling to his tormentor "with both hands" to keep from being sick. 

The convict, exercising his advantage, commands Pip to bring him a file and some food in the morning, and threatens him with a gory death if he does not comply.  The convict says,

"you do it...and you shall be let to live.  You fail...and your heart and your liver shall be tore out, roasted and ate" (Chapter 1).

What is the relationship between ogranizational efficiency and effevtiveness?

Efficiency and effectiveness are two very important facets of an organization's performance. Efficiency refers to the quantity of outputs that it can get from a given quantity of resources. Thus mathematically efficiency may be defined as a ratio of output and input. Thus:

Efficiency = Outputs/Inputs

Effectiveness of an organization is defined as the extent to which it achieves its desired objectives.

Frequently, higher efficiency enables an organization to achieve it's objective better. But this is not always so. We will explain this concept by a simple example.

Let us say an organization manufactures and sells pens at price of $1 each. If the company makes 1000 pen per day at cost of $0.8 each, it will earn a profit of $200 per day.This company can improve its profits by reducing the inputs it uses for manufacturing the pen. Thus if company is able to reduce its cost to $0.7 per pen its daily profit will increase to $300 per day. But the company is not able to reduce its cost below $0.7. Therefore to increase its profit further it mus increase its production and sales. But to do this the company will have to spend extra money on marketing and selling activities. By spending $150 extra the company is able to increase its sales to 1500 pens. Thus for achieving a sale of 1500 the cost per pen has again come to $0.8 per pen. That is the efficiency has come down to original level, but the profit continues to be $300. Thus the company is able to improve its profits in two ways. One way is to improve its efficiency that will cut down the cost per pen from $0.8 to $0.7. The other way is to improve its effectiveness that will increase its production and sales to 1500 pens per day, but the cost will remain unchanged at $0.8 per pen.

Let us also consider a third scenario. The company decides to increase its expenses on marketing and sales by $450 instead of $150, and as a result the sales goes up to 3000 pens per day. In this scenario the cost per pen increases to $0.85, bus because of higher sales the total profit goes up to $450 per day. Thus the efficiency of the company has come down but the effectiveness has improved.

In the "Ransom of Red Chief" what do Sam and Bill need the money of the ransom for?

In "The Ransom of Red Chief," Bill and Sam need $2,000.00 more than the $600.00 that they possess in order to start their land scam in Western Illinois.  Of course, the irony of the opening words about the small town of Summit, Alabama, and the ease with which they will pull of the kidnapping job cannot be missed.

We knew that Summit couldn't get after us with anything stronger than constables and, maybe, some lackadaisical bloodhounds and a diatribe or two in the Weekly Farmers' Budget.  So, it looked good.

As it turns out, Sam and Bill lose $250.00 to buy back their freedom from "Red Chief."  Running out of Summit, Sam has trouble keeping up with Bill, even "as fat as he was."--A most amusing tale!

What is the role of the following minor characters who appear in the scaffold scene in chapter 12 of "The Scarlet Letter"?Reverend Wilson Governor...

In Chapter 12 of "The Scarlet Letter," the Reverend Dimmesdale steps up on the scaffold in the cover of dark in this second of three scaffold scenes, a scene which appears in the exact middle of Hawthorne's novel.  Here several characters are gathered together in a powerfully symbolic chapter.  As the Reverend Mr. Wilson passes by, Dimmesdale, almost insanely cries out unwillingly to him.  His shriek is heard by Governor Bellingham and Mistress Hibbins, the governor's sister.  If any of these three people hear Dimmesdale, his impulse to expose himself will be realized and judgments made.

Beyond the shadow of a doubt, this venerable witch-lady had heard Mr. Dimmesdale's outcry, and interpreted it, with its multitudinous echoes and reverberations as the clamor of the fiends and night-bags, with whom he was well known to make excursions into the forest.

His loud laugh alarms even Dimmesdale as Pearl and Hester hear.  These actions occur as the minister's conscious mind tries to reason through his guilt while his subconscious mind reacts.

It is significant that Governor Bellingham and Mistress Hibbins are themselves hypocrites, since the Puritan Bellingham lives in a British splendor from which the Puritans rebelled, and his sister is secretly a participant in the Black Mass in the forest.  So, the suggestion of Dimmesdale's hypocrisy is underscored by the presence of these two personages.  The Reverend Wilson who passes in contrast to Dimmesdale also points to hypocrisy in the Reverend Dimmesdale.

Of course, the symbolism of the A in the sky cannot be missed.  Ironically, the townspeople interpret the letter as meaning "Angel" for the old governor who has died.  Dimmesdale, of course, finds the A a rather small letter.