As a high school English teacher, I don't want to just list examples for you to parrot. However, maybe I can help. Since you posted in the To Kill a Mockingbird group, I'm going to assume you've read that book.
Let's look at shift first. The first part of this novel is about Scout, Jem and Dill wanting to see Boo Radley. Then the focus changes to something else, right? That's a shift.
Style is the way the author chooses to tell the story. It can encompass everything from point of view to use of idioms. In this novel, for instance, the author chooses to tell a very adult story from the viewpoint of someone who isn't an adult. That's a style decision.
For symbolism, just look at the title. The mockingbird is a symbol for one of the characters in the book.
Sentential and syntax both have to do with the way a sentence is put together. Think about Yoda's speech. "Very powerful, you are," he might say. Most people would say, "You are very powerful." Again with this novel, Harper Lee uses pretty simple sentences because of her point of view choice.
Theme is a statement that defines what the overall work is about. If this is a novel about racism, the theme will reflect that.
Thesis, as in a thesis statement, is a sentence in the first paragraph that declares what the work is going to say. This is primarily a non-fiction element and you should be able to pick it out of any essay or newspaper article.
Tone is the mood the piece inspires. With Lee's novel, it varies from chapter to chapter, covering things like nostalgia, fear, outrage and sadness. Shorter works typically focus on one tone (or mood).
Verisimilitude is something that appears to be true, but isn't. Hmm. Can't think of a real good example from this book, but there is the guy drinking from a paper sack during the trial. People think he's a drunk, they expect him to be a drunk and accept that, but he's really only drinking Coke from that paper bag and pretending to be a drunk.
I hope that helps point you toward recognizing those literary elements in other works.
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