The powers of the Constitution that are specifically granted to the branches of government or to office holders are called express powers.a....

These are some potent questions.  Before I go ahead and address them, I think you might want to check out the sites below because they are very good Constitutional review websites.  Questions like these posted above are critical for understanding the Constitution.

2 powers of the President

The President serves as the leader of the Executive Branch.  S/He has the power to make appointments as well as possessing the ability to call special sessions of Congress.  Additionally, as the nation's chief diplomat, s/he can negotiate foreign treaties.

2 powers of the Vice President

The Vice President is of critical importance to the Executive Branch.  S/He is a heartbeat away from the President, so one duty is to assume the Presidency should something happen to the President.  In addition to this, the Vice President is the President of the Senate.  This means that in the event of a 50/50 tie on a vote in the Senate, the Vice President casts the vote to break the tie.

2 powers of Congress

Congress, representing the Legislative Branch, has many powers.  Connecting to the President, while the latter can make nominations to governmental posts, the Congress approves these nominations.  Additionally, while the President can encourage the case for declaring war against another nation, Congress actually decides if we go to war.