The difference would be due to its contents and its construction. A vacuole is typical of plant cells and is fluid-filled with an aqueous solution of salts and sugars. Vesicles occur in both animal and plant cells, and have different contents. For example, lysosomes contain enzymes whereas phagosomes will contain contents from outside the cell or breakdown products of the cell. Some vesicles have complex protein coats on the cellular side of the membrane and are known as "coated vesicles" (no surprise there then!).
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