To add a couple of details to an already very thorough answer, Charlemagne was also called "The Horse Prince," and some historians even attribute to him the invention of the stirrup, a winning factor in calvary combat.
Although he himself did not learn to read until later in life, Charlemagne assured the first steps towards compulsory education. There is even a children's song in French to this effect - "Sacré Charlemagne!":
Qui a eu cette idée folle Who had this wild idea
Un jour d'inventer l'école One day to invent school
C'est ce sacré Charlemagne It's crazy Charlemagne
Sacré Charlemagne Crazy Charlemagne
De nous laisser dans la vie To make us work with just
Que les dimanches, les jeudis Weekends off -that's all!
C'est ce sacré Charlemagne It's crazy Charlemagne
Sacré Charlemagne Crazy Charlemagne
Ce fils de Pépin le Bref This son of Pepin the Short
Nous donne beaucoup d'ennuis Has caused us lots of toil -
Et nous avons cent griefs For which we can complain
Contre, contre, contre lui One hundred fold and more
Qui a eu cette idée folle Who had this wild idea
Un jour d'inventer l'école One day to invent school
C'est ce sacré Charlemagne It's crazy Charlemagne
Sacré Charlemagne Crazy Charlemagne
Il aurait dû caresser I'd rather he had spent
Longtemps sa barbe fleurie Time at the barber's,
Oh Oh sacré Charlemagne Trimming his beard just so -
Sacré Charlemagne Crazy Charlemagne,
Au lieu de nous ennuyer Not boring us to tears with
Avec la géographie Instruction in geography -
Oh Oh sacré Charlemagne Oh,that crazy Charlemagne
Sacré Charlemagne Crazy Charlemagne
Il n'avait qu'à s'occuper If only he'd kept busy with
De batailles et de chasse His battles and his hunts
Nous n'serions pas obligés We'd not have to go
D'aller chaque jour en classe Forevermore to school
Il faut apprendre à compter Between learning to count
Et faire des tas de dictées And a heap of dicatation
Oh Oh sacré Charlemagne It's just frustration -
Sacré Charlemagne Crazy, crazy Charlemagne
Car sans lui dans notre vie Imagine life without him -
Y n'y aurait que des jeudis So free! Why'd every day'd
Oh Oh sacré Charlemagne Be Saturday! Oh, crazy
Oh Oh sacré Charlemagne Charlemagne, oh, crazy
Oh Oh sacré Charlemagne... Charlemagne...
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